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قراءة كتاب Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado
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Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado
bullae slightly more inflated.
For a comparison with T. b. rubidus see the account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—Kelson (1951:64) named T. b. cultellus on the basis of six dark specimens (Dark Reddish Brown 5YR 3/4 and 2/2). Nowhere else within the range of this subspecies, as defined by Kelson, do any specimens resemble the topotypes in color.
After comparing topotypes of T. b. cultellus with topotypes of T. b. internatus of approximately equal age, I disagree with Kelson (loc. cit.) on some of the characters which he used to separate cultellus from internatus. My findings indicate that T. b. cultellus is not smaller, that its skull is not smaller and not less angular, and that the tympanic bullae are not less pointed ventrally. Further collecting is needed better to limit and diagnose this subspecies.
Specimens examined.—Total 13. Colorado: Las Animas Co.: Fishers Peak, about 8000 ft., 1 (USNM). New Mexico: Union Co.: Near Folsom, 4 (CMNH); Colfax Co.: Philmont Ranch, Cimarroncito, 8100 ft., 2. Mora Co.: Halls Peak, 6 (USNM).
Thomomys bottae rubidus new subspecies
Holotype.—Adult female, skin and skull, number 72954, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, trapped by Richard S. Miller and Phillip M. Youngman, original number 253 (PMY), 2-9/10 miles east of Cañon City, 5344 feet, Fremont County, Colorado, March 17, 1957.
Distribution.—Known only from Garden Park in Cañon City and from the type locality (see fig. 1).
Distinctive characters.—Dark (Reddish Brown 5YR 3/3); size large (see measurements); skull large; rostrum wide; zygomatic arches rounded and broadly spreading (see fig. 7); alveolar length of upper maxillary tooth-row small.
Comparisons.—From topotypes of T. b. internatus, T. b. rubidus differs as follows: uniformly darker; skull averages larger in all measurements, except alveolar length of upper maxillary tooth-row, which is smaller; rostrum proportionately wider and tapered anteriorly; zygomatic arches more rounded; bullae more rounded in lateral view.
Specimens of T. b. rubidus differ from topotypes of T. b. pervagus in darker color; rostrum wider posteriorly; posterior extensions of premaxillae shorter; bullae smaller, proportionately more inflated posteriorly; zygomatic arches more rounded; wider across squamosals; alveolar length of upper maxillary tooth-row greater.
From topotypes of T. b. cultellus, T. b. rubidus differs as follows: paler; larger in all measurements taken; rostrum proportionately wider; zygomatic arches more rounded, less angular; angle formed by zygomatic arch and rostrum greater; bullae proportionately smaller, not so pointed anteriorly; alveolar length of upper maxillary tooth-row shorter.
Remarks.—The range of T. b. rubidus is surrounded by the range of T. b. internatus; nevertheless, intergradation has not been found. For a discussion of the geographic relation of T. b. rubidus to T. b. internatus see page 374.
Specimens examined.—Total 7. Fremont Co.: Garden Park, Cañon City, 5344 ft., 1; 2-9/10 mi. E Cañon City, 5344 ft., 6.
SUMMARY
A study of 249 specimens of Thomomys bottae from Colorado reveals six subspecies in the state. T. b. aureus and T. b. howelli occupy the Colorado Plateau Region in the western and southwestern parts of the state. T. b. internatus, T. b. cultellus, T. b. pervagus, and the newly named T. b. rubidus occupy part of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region and a narrow strip of the Great Plains.
The greatest amount of geographic variation, in Thomomys bottae in Colorado, occurs in the ecotone between the grassland and coniferous forest at the edge of the Great Plains, and in the ecotone between the Piñon, juniper, and sage of the Colorado Plateau and the Coniferous forest of the southern Rocky mountains.
Table 1. Measurements, in Millimeters, of Thomomys bottae
Unless otherwise noted, specimens are adults from Colorado
Sex | Catalog number or number of individuals averaged | Total length | Tail | Hind foot | Condylobasal length | Nasal length | Zygomatic breadth | Squamosal breadth | Length of rostrum | Breadth of rostrum | Alveolar length of upper max. tooth-row | Least interorbital breadth |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thomomys bottae howelli, holotype | ||||||||||||
♀ | 75684[1] sad. |
219 | 71 | 29 | 37.3 | 11.1 | 23.7 | 20.0 | 14.5 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 6.6 |
Thomomys bottae aureus, Bedrock | ||||||||||||
♀ | 2982[2] | 217 | 59 | 31 | 40.4 | 13.8 | 24.3 | 20.6 | 16.7 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 6.8 |
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