br">Bevelled Planing.

42. Sinking of Nails. 18. Shaping with Plane. 43. Bevelling with Shaping Knife. 19. Chopping. 44. Perpendicular Gouging. 20. Cross-Sawing. 45. Point Planing. 21. Mortising with Knife. 46. Oblique Grooving. 22. Wave-Sawing. 47. Circular Sawing. 23. Plane Surface-Cut with Knife. 48. Fixing with Screws. 24. Scraping. 49. Modelling with Knife. 25. Obstacle-Planing.    

The following are the descriptions of how to apply the Exercises to the making of the Models.

No. 1a. Kindergarten Pointer.

(Requiring Exercises 1 and 2.)

Commence with a piece of Beech, rather more than 5 in. long, and not less than 3⁄4 in. thick. It is all the better, for this and other exercises, if it is split from a larger piece, and has no side either square or straight. With the knife, make one side level and smooth, to a width rather exceeding 3⁄8 in. When that is done perfectly, make another straight side at right angles to the first. Trim the ends; then mark with the pencil at each end a 3⁄8-in. square, with the two straight sides as bases. Then cut two additional straight sides in unison with those squares. This will produce a stem a shade more than 5 in. long and 3⁄8 in. square. Mark each end with a diagram thus  ; then draw corresponding lines along each side. Then, letting one end remain the same size; reduce the other end to 1⁄8 in. square (as shown in centre of diagram) by tapering each side symmetrically throughout. This will result in the stem being 3⁄8 in. square at one end and 1⁄8 in. square at the other end. Then, guided by the diagram at the thicker end, take off the four corners symmetrically throughout, thus producing a tapered octagonal stem. Then, in like manner, take off the eight corners with great precision, so as to maintain uniform symmetry, and the result will be a tapered stem, approximately round throughout and pointed at one end.

The Long Cut having, thus far, been solely resorted to, measure from the point, and make a mark at 4 in.; then cut off at the mark, thus exercising the Cross Cut. Then, by judiciously applying sand-paper, the pointer may be made perfectly smooth and almost perfectly round, as it should be throughout.

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No. 1b. Kindergarten Pointer.

(Requiring Exercises 1, 2, and 3.)

Proceed as for the previous model until the round pointer is produced. Then apply Exercise 3 to the two Oblique Cuts shown from A to a in the figures 1, 2, and 3, of drawings No. 1b. These Oblique Cuts demand great care and precision, as the Cuts should be precisely opposite each other, perfectly level and symmetrical.