to invade the fields of heart disease, kidney disease, brain disease, etc. It is hoped, however, that these excursions will serve to show how intimately disease of the arteries is bound up with diseases of all the organs and tissues of the body.

Some authors have been named when their opinions have been given. Thanks are extended also to many others to whom the writer is indebted, but of whom no individual mention has been made.

The author also takes this opportunity of expressing his appreciation of the kindness of Dr. D. L. Harris, who took the microphotographs, and to the publishers for their unfailing courtesy and consideration.

St. Louis, August, 1908.

CONTENTS

page

CHAPTER I.

Anatomy25

Introduction, 25; Definition, 26; General Structure of the Arteries, 27; Arteries, 29; Veins, 30; Capillaries, 31.

CHAPTER II.

Pathology32

Syphilitic Aortitis, 44; Experimental Arteriosclerosis, 50; Arteriosclerosis of the Pulmonary Arteries, 63; Sclerosis of the Veins, 64.

CHAPTER III.

Physiology of the Circulation65

Blood Pressure, 68; Blood Pressure Instruments, 70; Technic, 80; Arterial Pressure, 85; Normal Pressure Variations, 88; The Auscultatory Blood Pressure Phenomenon, 90; The Maximum and Minimum Pressures, 94; Relative Importance of the Systolic and Diastolic Pressures, 97; Pulse Pressure, 100; Blood Pressure Variations, 102; Hypertension, 106; Hypotension, 117; The Pulse, 123; The Venous Pulse, 123; The Electrocardiogram, 126.

CHAPTER IV.

Important Cardiac Irregularities Associated With Arteriosclerosis 13

Auricular Flutter, 131; Auricular Fibrillation, 133; Ventricular Fibrillation, 138; Extrasystole, 138; Heart Block, 140.

CHAPTER V.

Blood Pressure in Its Clinical Applications147

Blood Pressure in Surgery, 147; Head Injuries, 148; Shock and Hemorrhage, 148; Blood Pressure in Obstetrics, 152; Infectious Diseases, 153; Valvular Heart Disease, 155; Kidney Disease, 155; Other Diseases, Liver, Spleen, Abdomen, etc., 156.

CHAPTER VI.

Etiology157

Congenital Form, 157; Acquired Form, 159; Hypertension, 159; Age, Sex, Race, 161; Occupation, 162; Food Poisons, 163; Infectious Diseases, 163; Syphilis, 165; Chronic Drug Intoxications, 166; Overeating, 167; Mental Strain, 168; Muscular Overwork, 169; Renal Disease, 169; Ductless Glands, 171.

CHAPTER VII.

The Physical Examination of the Heart and Arteries172

Heart Boundaries, 172; Percussion, 174; Auscultation, 176; The Examination of the Arteries, 177; Estimation of Blood Pressure, 179; Palpation, 180; Precautions When Estimating Blood Pressure, 181; The Value of Blood Pressure, 181.

CHAPTER VIII.

Symptoms and Physical Signs183

General, 183; Hypertension, 185; The Heart, 188; Palpable Arteries, 189; Ocular Signs and Symptoms, 190; Nervous Symptoms, 191.

CHAPTER IX.

Symptoms and Physical Signs194

Special, 194; Cardiac, 195; Renal, 199; Abdominal or Visceral, 201; Cerebral, 203; Spinal, 205; Local or Peripheral, 207; Pulmonary Artery, 209.

CHAPTER X.

Diagnosis210

Early Diagnosis, 210; Differential Diagnosis, 215; Diseases in Which Arteriosclerosis is Commonly Found, 216.

CHAPTER XI.

Prognosis218

CHAPTER XII.

Prophylaxis224

CHAPTER XIII.

Treatment229

Hygienic Treatment, 230; Balneotherapy, 233; Personal Habits, 234; Dietetic Treatment, 235; Medicinal, 238; Symptomatic Treatment, 245.

CHAPTER XIV.

Arteriosclerosis in Its Relation to Life Insurance249

CHAPTER XV.

Practical Suggestions256

ILLUSTRATIONS