class="tocnum">19

III. Specimens of English written by Frenchmen 39

IV. Gallomania in England (1600-1685) 62

V. Huguenot Thought in England (First Part) 77

VI. Huguenot Thought in England (Second Part) 114

VII. Shakespeare and Christophe Mongoye 142

VIII. French Gazettes in London (1650-1700) 149

IX. A Quarrel in Soho (1682) 167

X. The Courtship of Pierre Coste, and other Letters 176

XI. The Strange Adventures of the Translator of Robinson Crusoe, the Chevalier de Thémiseul 207

Index 229

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

On the Road to Calais (see p. 4) Frontispiece

FACING PAGE

The Fortune-Teller, after Arnoult 36

A French Coquette at her Toilet-Table 66

The Duchess of Portsmouth as a Leader of Fashion 70

"L'Anglais," Popular Representation of an Englishman, c. 1670, after Bonnart 74

A Scheme of the Persecution 100

Jean Claude, the Huguenot Divine 120

Louis XIV. destroys Heretical Books 140

"Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres," Number I 156

At Versailles, after Bonnart 164

The French Tailor, after Arnoult 168

Pierre Bayle, Refugee and Man of Letters 204

Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, Secretary of State, 1690, after Mignard 222

ANGLO-FRENCH ENTENTE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

CHAPTER I

From Paris to London under the Merry Monarch

"The French," wrote Jean-Jacques Rousseau, "are the most travelled people. The English nobility travel, the French nobility do not; the French people travel, the English people do not." Strange as the fact appears, our forefathers in the seventeenth century, even as in the eighteenth, wandered over England as well as Spain or Italy, but they drew up their wills before setting out.

The nobility travelled little; only a royal injunction would cause a gentleman to forsake Versailles; the ambassadors left with reluctance. But there followed a suite of attachés, secretaries, and valets. One day, Secretary Hughes de Lionne had a mind to send his son to London. The young marquis was entrusted to the charge of three grave ambassadors; good advice therefore he did not lack, and we must believe his journey was not altogether distasteful as he was seen to weep when the day came for him to return.[1]

Next to official envoys stood unofficial agents, gentlemen who preferred exile to a more rigorous punishment; lastly, mere adventurers.

Not a few Frenchmen came over to England on business purposes. The Bordeaux wine merchant, the Rouen