THE
ROMAN EMPIRE

IN THE LIGHT OF

Prophecy

—OR,—

THE RISE, PROGRESS AND END OF
THE FOURTH WORLD-EMPIRE.

BY

W. E. VINE, M.A.,

Author of "B.C. and A.D.; or, How the World was prepared for the
Gospel"; "The Scriptures and How to Use Them," etc.

PICKERING & INGLIS

Printers and Publishers, 14 Paternoster Row, London, E.C.4
229 Bothwell Street, Glasgow; 75 Princes Street, Edinburgh

OFFICES AND AGENTS.

London: Pickering & Inglis, 14 Paternoster Row, E.C.4.
Glasgow: Pickering & Inglis, 229 Bothwell Street.
Edinburgh: Pickering & Inglis, 75 Princes Street.
Manchester: The Tract Society, 135 Deansgate.
Liverpool: Wm. T. Jaye, 18 Slater Street.
Newcastle: Northern Counties Depot, 63a Blackett Street.
Birmingham: P. H. Hulbert, 315 Broad Street (Corner).
Bath: H. W. & H. R. Griffiths, 35 Milton Avenue.
Bristol: W. B. W. Sarsfield, 78 Park Street.
Weston-super-Mare: Western Bible Depot, 12 Waterloo Street.
Cardiff: H. J. Lear, 17 Royal Arcade.
Dublin: R. Stewart, 10 D'Olier Street, and 2 Nassau Street.
Belfast: R. M'Clay, 44 Ann Street.
Dundee: R. H. Lundie, 35 Reform Street.
New York: Gospel Publishing House, 318 West 39th Street.
Chicago: Wm. Norton, Bible Institute Assoc., 826 North La Salle St.
Buffalo, N.Y.: Sword and Shield Tract Society, 1247 Niagara St.
Swengel, Pa.: I. C. Herenden, Bible Truth Depot.
Los Angeles, Cal.: Geo. Ray, 8508 So. Vermont Avenue.
Boston: Hamilton Bros., 120 Tremont Street.
Philadelphia: Glad Tidings Publishing Co., 5863 Christian St.
Dallas, Texas: J. T. Dean, 2613 Pennsylvania Avenue.
Windsor, Ont.: C. J. Stowe, 23 Martin Street.
Toronto: Upper Canada Tract Society, 2 Richmond Street, E.
Orillia, Ontario: S. W. Benner, Bible and Tract Depot.
Winnipeg: N. W. Bible Depot, 580 Main Street.
Buenos Aires: W. C. K. Torre, Casilla 5.
Melbourne: E. W. Cole, Book Arcade.
Sydney: Bible, Book, and Tract Depot, 373 Elizabeth Street.
Sydney: Christian Workers Depot, 170 Elizabeth Street.
Brisbane: W. R. Smith & Co., Bible Repository, Albert Street.
Auckland, N.Z.: H. L. Thatcher, 135 Symonds Street.
Dunedin: H. J. Bates, Otago Bible House, 38 George Street.
Palmerston North: James G. Harvey, Main Street.
Christchurch: G. W. Plimsoll, 84 Manchester Street.
Belgaum, India: W. C. Irvine, Christian Literature Depot.
Bangalore: A. M'D. Redwood, Frasertown Book Depot.
Switzerland: Jas. Hunter, Clarens.
Cairo: The Nile Press, Bulag.
Hong-Kong: A. Young, Bible Depot, 2 Wyndham Street.

And through most Booksellers, Colporteurs, and Tract Depots.

Copyright—Pickering & Inglis.

PREFACE.

The following pages are the outcome of several conversations with inquirers shortly after the outbreak of the great war, in 1914, and of requests for notes of the views expressed. The subject of these conversations had occupied the earnest if intermittent attention of the writer for over twenty years. The notes were expanded into a series of articles which appeared in The Witness during 1915. These have been revised and somewhat extended for the present volume, especially the last chapter, much of which was previously precluded by limitations of space.

In regard to past history, the outlines of events connected with the Roman and Turkish Empires are given with the hope that the records will prove helpful to those who read the history of Nations in the light of Scripture.

In regard to the future, while there are many events which the Word of God has foretold with absolute clearness, and upon these we may speak unreservedly, yet there are many circumstances concerning which definite prediction has been designedly withheld, and upon which prophecy is therefore obscure. In such matters an effort has been made to avoid dogmatism. Prophecy was not given in order for us to prophesy.

On the other hand, the prophetic Scriptures are not to be neglected. Difficulty in understanding them is no reason for disregarding them. They are part of that Word, the whole of which is declared to be "profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness" (2 Tim. 3. 16). They therefore demand prayerful and patient meditation.

For a speaker to refer to the study of the prophecies in a way which tends to minimise their importance in the minds of his hearers is to dishonour both the sacred Word and Him who inspired it. It is significant that the book of the Revelation opens with a promise of blessing to him who reads (the reference is especially to public reading) and to those who "hear the words of the prophecy, and keep the things which are written therein" (chap. 1. 3), and at the close repeats the blessing for him who keeps its words (chap. 22. 7).

The quotations in the present volume are from the Revised Version, the comparatively greater accuracy of its translations being important for a correct understanding of many of the passages considered.

While the book is published at the request of several friends, the author fulfils such request with the earnest desire that in