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قراءة كتاب Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers

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Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers

Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers

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دار النشر: Project Gutenberg
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EARLY AMERICAN
SCIENTIFIC
INSTRUMENTS

and Their Makers

SILVIO A. BEDINI



inside cover

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

shield

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 231

WASHINGTON, D.C.

1964


Publications of the United States National Museum

The scholarly publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin.

In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects.

The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.

In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902 papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.

  Frank A. Taylor,
  Director, United States National Museum.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402—Price $1.00 (Paper Cover)


Frontispiece
Frontispiece.—"Washington as a Surveyor." Engraving reproduced from Washington Irving's Life of George Washington (New York: 1857, vol. 1).

EARLY AMERICAN
SCIENTIFIC
INSTRUMENTS

and Their Makers

SILVIO A. BEDINI

Curator of Mechanical and Civil Engineering

MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

WASHINGTON, 1964


Contents

Page
Acknowledgments ix
Preface xi
The Tools of Science 3
Philosophical and Practical Instruments 3
The Need for Instruments 6
Colonial Training in Instrument Making 8
The Mathematical Practitioners 15
The Rittenhouse Brothers 15
Andrew Ellicott 19
Owen Biddle 21
Benjamin Banneker 22
Joel Baily 24
Reverend John Prince 24
Amasa Holcomb 26
Instruments of Metal 27
Pre-Revolutionary Immigrant Makers 27
Post-Revolutionary Immigrant Makers 30
Native American Makers 33
New Hampshire

Pages