connected together so as to produce free poles on diametrically opposite sides of the ring. The remaining free ends of the coils were then connected to the contact-rings of the generator armature so as to form two independent circuits, as indicated in Fig. 9. It may now be seen what results were secured in this combination, and with this view I would refer to the diagrams, Figs. 1 to 8a. The field of the generator being independently excited, the rotation of the armature sets up currents in the coils C C₁, varying in strength and direction in the well-known manner. In the position shown in Fig. 1, the current in coil C is nil, while coil C₁ is traversed by its maximum current, and the connections may be such that the ring is magnetized by the coils c₁c₁, as indicated by the letters N S in Fig. 1a, the magnetizing effect of the coils c c being nil, since these coils are included in the circuit of coil C.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2a.

In Fig. 2, the armature coils are shown in a more advanced position, one-eighth of one revolution being completed. Fig. 2a illustrates the corresponding magnetic condition of the ring. At this moment the coil C₁ generates a current of the same direction as previously, but weaker, producing the poles n₁s₁ upon the ring; the coil C also generates a current of the same direction, and the connections may be such that the coils c c produce the poles n s, as shown in Fig. 2a. The resulting polarity is indicated by the letters N S, and it will be observed that the poles of the ring have been shifted one-eighth of the periphery of the same.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3a.

In Fig. 3 the armature has completed one quarter of one revolution. In this phase the current in coil C is a maximum, and of such direction as to produce the poles N S in Fig. 3a, whereas the current in coil C₁ is nil, this coil being at its neutral position. The poles N S in Fig. 3a are thus shifted one quarter of the circumference of the ring.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4a.

Fig. 4 shows the coils C C in a still more advanced position, the armature having completed three-eighths of one revolution. At that moment the coil C still generates a current of the same direction as before, but of less strength, producing the comparatively weaker poles n s in Fig. 4a. The current in the coil C₁ is of the same strength, but opposite direction. Its effect is, therefore, to produce upon the ring the poles n₁s₁, as indicated, and a polarity, N S, results, the poles now being shifted three-eighths of the periphery of the ring.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5a.

In Fig. 5 one half of one revolution of the armature is completed, and the resulting magnetic condition of the ring is indicated in Fig. 5a. Now the current in coil C is nil, while the coil C₁ yields its maximum current, which is of the same direction as previously; the magnetizing effect is, therefore, due to the coils, c₁c₁ alone, and, referring to Fig. 5a, it will be observed that the poles N S are shifted one half of the circumference of the ring. During the next half revolution the operations are repeated, as represented in the Figs. 6 to 8a.