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قراءة كتاب The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
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THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, 1618-1648.
S. R. GARDINER.
EPOCHS SELECTED.
THE ERA OF THE PROTESTANT REVOLUTION. By F. Seebohm, Author of 'The Oxford Reformers.'—Now ready.
THE CRUSADES. By the Rev. G. W. Cox, M.A.; Author of the 'History of Greece.'—Now ready.
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, 1618-1648. By Samuel Rawson Gardiner.—Nearly ready.
THE BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE AGES; CHARLES the GREAT and ALFRED; the HISTORY of ENGLAND in its connexion with that of EUROPE in the NINTH CENTURY. By the Very Rev. R. W. Church, M.A. Dean of St. Paul's.
THE NORMAN KINGS AND THE FEUDAL SYSTEM. By the Rev. A. H. Johnson, M.A.
THE EARLY PLANTAGENETS and their relation to the HISTORY of EUROPE; the foundation and growth of CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT. By the Rev. William Stubbs, M.A. &c. Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford.
EDWARD III. By the Rev. W. Warburton, M.A.
THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK; with the CONQUEST and LOSS of FRANCE. By James Gairdner of the Public Record Office.
THE AGE OF ELIZABETH. By the Rev. M. Creighton, M.A.
THE STUARTS AND THE PURITAN REVOLUTION. By J. Langton Sanford, Author of 'Studies and Illustrations of the Great Rebellion.'
THE FALL OF THE STUARTS; and WESTERN EUROPE from 1678 to 1697. By the Rev. Edward Hale, M.A. Assistant-Master at Eton.
THE AGE OF ANNE. By Edward E. Morris, M.A. Editor of the Series.
FREDERICK THE GREAT and the SEVEN YEARS' WAR. By F. W. Longman, of Balliol College, Oxford.
THE WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. By John Malcolm Ludlow.
EACH 1 VOL. 16MO., CLOTH, UNIFORM. PRICE, $1.00.
New York: SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG & CO.
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR 1618-1648
BY
SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER
Late Student of Christ Church
Author of 'History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Disgrace of Justice Coke' and 'Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage'
NEW YORK:
SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG & CO.
1874.
Jas. B. Rodgers Co.,
Electrotypers and Printers,
52 & 54 N. Sixth St.,
PHILADELPHIA.
PREFACE.
If the present work should appear to be written for more advanced students than those for whom most if not all the other books of the series are designed, the nature of the subject must be pleaded in excuse. The mere fact that it relates exclusively to Continental history makes it unlikely that junior pupils would approach it in any shape, and it is probably impossible to make the very complicated relations between the German states and other European nations interesting to those who are for the first time, or almost the first time, attempting to acquire historical knowledge. Every history, to be a history, must have a unity of its own, and here we have no unity of national life such as that which