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قراءة كتاب Systematics of Megachiropteran Bats in the Solomon Islands
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Systematics of Megachiropteran Bats in the Solomon Islands
a National Science Foundation grant (2185-4703) to the author, through the Committee on Systematics and Evolutionary Biology of The University of Kansas. I am grateful to many individuals who have helped me in various ways throughout the course of this study. Dr. J. Linsley Gressitt, Chairman of the Entomology Department, Bernice Bishop Museum, allowed me to study specimens collected by his expeditions; Professors E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr., of the Museum of Natural History and the Department of Zoology, The University of Kansas, offered advice and guidance and constructively reviewed the manuscript. Other persons who have given me assistance and, in some cases, arranged for loans of comparative materials, are: Dr. David H. Johnson, Division of Mammals, United States National Museum; Mr. Hobart M. Van Deusen and Dr. Richard G. Van Gelder, Archbold Expeditions and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History; Messrs. Ellis LeG. Troughton and Basil Marlow, Mammal Department, The Australian Museum; Dr. Joseph Curtis Moore, Department of Mammalogy, Field Museum of Natural History; Mr. John Edwards Hill, Mammal Room, British Museum (Natural History); Prof. William B. Davis, Department of Zoology, Texas A & M University; Miss Barbara Lawrence, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Messrs. Jerry R. Choate and H. H. Genoways, two colleagues in zoology at The University of Kansas, have assisted me in many ways, for which I am grateful. Linda Anne Phillips, my wife, prepared many of the figures and tables used herein. I thank also Setsuko Nakata, Edwin H. Bryan, Robert Bowan, and Ilse Koehler, who, as staff members of the Bishop Museum, were especially helpful to me. Most of the specimens reported herein were collected by Philip Temple and Peter Shanahan.
Key to Genera
| 1. | Uropatagium lacking, or, if present, deeply indented in center; tail vertebrae absent, or if present, free |
| 2 | |
| 1'. | Uropatagium present, not indented; tail vertebrae present, free or in uropatagium |
| MICROCHIROPTERA 1 | |
| 2(1). | External tail-vertebrae lacking, or, if present, less than 3 mm long |
| 3 | |
| 2'. | External tail-vertebrae more than 3 mm long |
| 6 | |
| 3(2). | Small or medium-sized (forearm less than 50); tongue long, extensile |
| 4 | |
| 3'. | Large (forearm more than 80); tongue not long and extensile |
| 5 | |
| 4(3). | Uropatagium present; small claw present on second phalanx of second digit; tail short (about 3 mm) |
| Macroglossus, p. 812 | |
| 4'. | Uropatagium absent; no claw on second phalanx of second digit; no tail |
| Melonycteris, p. 814 | |
| 5(3'). | Entire back set with hair; wing membranes not meeting at middle of back |
| Pteropus, p. 793 | |
| 5'. | Back naked; wing membranes meeting at middle of back, |
| Pteralopex, p. 790 | |
| 6(2'). | Nostrils having definite tubelike extensions |
| Nyctimene, p. 817 | |
| 6'. | Nostrils lacking tubelike extensions |
| 7 | |
| 7(6'). | Forearm less than 80; large, sharp claw on second phalanx of second digit; four upper incisors |
| Rousettus, p. 787 | |
| 7'. | Forearm more than 90; small, blunt claw on second phalanx of second digit; two upper incisors |
| Dobsonia, p. 807 | |
Family PTEROPODIDAE
Subfamily Pteropodinae
Rousettus Gray
1821. Rousettus Gray, London Medical Repository, 15:299, April 1.
1843. Xantharpyia Gray, List of species ... British Museum, p. 37.
1852. Cynonycteris Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, p. 25.
The genus Rousettus occurs throughout the tropical regions of the Old World, and in the Solomons is readily distinguished from all other megachiropteran genera by having both a small claw on the second digit and free caudal vertebrae. The oriental species have been divided into two groups on the basis of size (Tate, 1942:344). The subspecies Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri appears to be the sole representative of this genus in the Solomon Islands. Prior to 1953, several workers (Thomas, 1887b:323, 1888b:475; Matschie, 1899:68; Sanborn, 1931:11) used the name Rousettus amplexicaudatus brachyotis for it, but Pohle (1953) suggested that the specimens from the Solomons recorded by earlier workers were R. a. hedigeri named by him on the basis of the specimen that he saw from Bougainville.
Rousettus amplexicaudatus
Rousettus amplexicaudatus has at least three subspecies, one of which is endemic to the Solomon Islands. The species is wide-ranging, being known from as far west as Thailand (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966:93) and as far east as the Solomons.
Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri Pohle
1953. Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri Pohle, Z. Säugetierk.,