قراءة كتاب The History of the Thirteen Colonies of North America 1497-1763

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The History of the Thirteen Colonies of North America 1497-1763

The History of the Thirteen Colonies of North America 1497-1763

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دار النشر: Project Gutenberg
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class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER VI

THE FIGHT WITH THE DUTCH FOR THEIR SETTLEMENT OF NEW NETHERLANDS The Dutch Wars—The position of New York—The New Netherlands—Stuyvesant's attack on New Sweden—Nicolls' attack on the New Netherlands—Splendid work of Nicolls—The character of New York—Government of New York and Albany—Francis Lovelace—The Dutch recapture New York—New Jersey—Thomas Dongan—The Leisler Rising—Lack of a Constitution—The Earl of Bellomont and Lord Cornbury—Governors of the early eighteenth century—Lucrative character of governor's post 128   CHAPTER VII THE QUAKER SETTLEMENTS AND GEORGIA The Quakers in America—East and West New Jersey—Delaware —The Jerseys under one governor—The Jerseys united—William Penn—The foundation of Pennsylvania—Philadelphia—Penn's constitution—The Revolution and after—Penn regains proprietorship—Intercolonial disputes—An asylum of rest—John and Thomas Penn—The foundation of Georgia—Oglethorpe's difficulties—John and Charles Wesley—War with Spain—Attack on St. Augustine—Oglethorpe's daring—Quarrels concerning slavery—Oglethorpe's work—Georgia becomes a Crown colony—The coming struggle with France 146   CHAPTER VIII THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND Population of Puritan colonies—Towns—Wooden houses—Industry and commerce—Minor industries—Shipbuilding—Eighteenth-century commerce—Agriculture—Want of money—The colonial mint—Paper money—Wages and prices—The poor-law—Slavery—Missionary efforts—Religion—Education—Literature—Printing—Means of travel—Curious laws—The character of the settlers 168   CHAPTER IX THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN AND MIDDLE COLONIES Character of the colonies—Classes in colonial society—Indentured servants—Slavery—White population—Industry and commerce— Money—Education—Literature—Religion—Town life—Conclusion 187   CHAPTER X THE FRENCH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA Early French voyages—Jacques Cartier—The Marquis de la Roche—Samuel Champlain—A passage to the East—The Franciscans and Jesuits—The Company of the One Hundred Associates—Character of Champlain—Colbert and colonisation—The Company of the West —System of government—Count Frontenac—Western discoveries—Joliet and Marquette—La Salle—The Mississippi—La Salle's great expedition—His failure—His place in history—The Iroquois—The Treaty of Utrecht 200   CHAPTER XI FRENCH AGGRESSION The colonies were not united—Dongan and Denonville—King William's war—The Albany Conference—Expedition against Quebec—The Abenaki Indians—Incapacity of the colonies—The Treaty of Ryswick—The War of the Spanish Succession—The horrors of Indian warfare—Samuel Vetch—Colonial jealousies—English indifference—The capture of Acadia—Colonial fear of English interference—The English view of the colonials—The Hill-Walker expedition—Walker's cowardice—The character of the expedition—The Treaty of Utrecht—A lost opportunity—Relations between Indians and Canadian Government—The French scheme—Crown Point—The War of the Austrian Succession—Louisburg—Character of forces—The capture of Louisburg—Shirley's plans—The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 224   CHAPTER XII THE CLIMAX: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FRENCH COLONISTS The colonial share in the capture of Canada—The internal jealousies of the colonies—French aggression in the Ohio valley—George Washington—Results of the campaign of 1754—Character of General Braddock—Schemes for 1755—Braddock's disaster—The work of Dinwiddie and Johnson—The deportation of the Acadians —The results of the campaign of 1755—The Seven Years' War—The character of the Marquis de Montcalm—Webb, Abercromby, and Loudoun—Unsuccessful attack upon Louisburg—Montcalm at Fort William Henry—The rise of William Pitt—The plan of campaign of 1758—The character of General Wolfe—The capture of Louisburg—Abercromby's disaster at Ticonderoga—The character of Lord Howe—Capture of Forts Frontenac and Duquesne—The campaigns of 1759—Amherst's delay—The siege of Quebec—English despair —The discovery of the path—Death of Wolfe—Wolfe and Montcalm —The climax—The collapse of the French Empire in the West—The rise of a new nation 254   CHRONOLOGY 285   BIBLIOGRAPHY 296   INDEX 299







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