London and the Thames, from Speed’s Map, 1610 Frontispiece   PAGE Fig. 1.—Goddess of Hope. (Roman bronze found in London). Restored from Roach Smith’s Collectanea. About two-thirds full size 4 Fig. 2.—Stone Weapons, from the Thames at Westminster. From the Roach Smith Collection 7 Fig. 3.—Centre of Celtic Bronze Shield, from the Thames at Wandsworth. Now in the British Museum 8 Fig. 4.—Celtic Bronze Swords 9 Fig. 5.—Coin of Cunobeline. Enlarged 10 Fig. 6.—Bronze Lamp, Roman, found in London 11 Fig. 7.—Coin of Claudius and another of Constantius, the latter inscribed London (P. LON). Enlarged. The first shows an equestrian statue over a triumphal arch lettered DE BRITANN; the second an altar to Peace, inscribed BEAT TRANQLITAS 18 Fig. 8.—Christian Monogram from Cakes of Pewter found at Battersea. Now in the British Museum. One, in addition to the ΧΡ, has the words SPES IN DEO; the other Α·Ω· 21 Fig. 9.—Bronze Bracelet found in London; ornamented with a Cross. Now in the British Museum 23 Fig. 10.—Head of a Pin found in London. Now in the British Museum. A little less than full size. The subject seems to represent Constantine’s vision of the Cross 24 Fig. 11.—Enamelled Plate of Bronze, about half size of original, found in London. Now in the British Museum. From Roach Smith’s collection 25 Fig. 12.—Cross from Mosaic Pavement found in London. Now in the British Museum. It forms the centre of a geometrical pattern 27 Fig. 13.—Saxon Spear found in London, and now in the British Museum 29 Fig. 14.—Coin of Halfdan, with Monogram of London. From a unique example in the British Museum. It seems to have been coined on the taking of London by the Dane leader in 872 35 Fig. 15.—Saxon Swordhilt, of pierced bronze. Now in the British Museum. Found in London 36 Fig. 16.—Earliest printed view of London, from the Cronycle of Englonde, Pynson, 1510 39 Fig. 17.—London and the Roman Roads: The Watling Street through Greenwich and Edgware; the Erming Street through Merton and Edmonton, called also the Stone Street south of London; the Here Street through Brentford and Stratford 53 Fig. 18.—Roman Wall of London. Restored after the facts given by Roach Smith; the battlements and ditch added 75 Fig. 19.—Detail of Roman Wall of London. From a drawing of Roach Smith’s 77 Fig. 20.—From the Common Seal. Reverse, enlarged, 1224. See also Fig. 23; it shows the city wall with battlements and turrets 78 Fig. 21.—Section of Roman Wall and Ditch. Restored from excavation near Aldersgate recorded in Archæologia 80 Fig. 22.—From Matthew Paris, 1236. From MS. in the British Museum, describing the route to Jerusalem. It gives the names of six gates, the spire of St. Paul’s, etc., and refers to the legend of “Troie la Nuvela”