Policy after 1860—Disappointment in Italy—Rome and Venice—Attitude towards the Monarchy—Life in England—The Greco Plot—American and Irish Politics—Mazzini and Garibaldi—Overtures from Victor Emmanuel—The War of 1866

189-207 CHAPTER XII The Last Years 1866-1872. Aetat 61-66

The Republican Alliance—Life at Lugano—Mentana—Republican Movement in 1868-70—Intrigue with Bismarck—Imprisonment at Gaeta, and Release—Attack on the International—Death

208-221 CHAPTER XIII Religion

Religion Essential to Society—Paramountcy of the Spiritual—Criticism of Christianity; Catholicism; Protestantism—Christ's Teaching: its Truths and Imperfections—The Doctrines of the New Faith: God; Progress; Immortality—The Criteria of Truth: the Conscience; Tradition—Humanity—The Need of Unity; Authority; Church and State; the New Church

222-248 CHAPTER XIV Duty

Morality Depends on an Ideal—Criticism of the Theory of Rights and Utilitarianism—Happiness not the End of Life—Life is a Mission—Work for the Sake of Duty—Thought Useless without Action—Power of the Principle of Duty—Duties to Self; Family; Country

249-266 CHAPTER XV The State

The Moral Law and the State—Duties of the State: Liberty, Association, Education—Sovereignty is in God—Democracy—The Ideal Government—The Republic—The Ideal State

267-282 CHAPTER XVI Social Theories

Importance of Social Questions—Their Moral Basis—Attack on Socialism—Contrast between Mazzini's and its Theories and Work—Social Programme—Cooperation

283-295 CHAPTER XVII Nationality

Country and Humanity—The Marks of Nationality: the Will of the People; the Sense of National Mission—Patriotism—International Solidarity—Ethics of Foreign Policy; Non-Intervention; War; the Special Missions of each Country—The Future of Europe—The Slavs—The United States of Europe—Italy's International Function

296-311 CHAPTER XVIII Literary Criticism

The Function of the Critic—The Function of the Poet—Art must avoid 'Art for the sake of Art' and Realism—It must be Human, Social, Didactic—Poetry of Modern Life—The Historical Drama—Music—'Objective' and 'Subjective' Poets—Dante—Shakespeare—Goethe—Byron

312-328 CHAPTER XIX The Man

Poetic Temperament—Defects as a Thinker—Greatness as a Moral Teacher—Strength and Weakness as a Politician—The Man

329-341 APPENDIX A

Some Unpublished (in one case privately published) Letters and Papers, written by Mazzini

343-367 APPENDIX B

Bibliography of Mazzini's Writings

367-373 INDEX 374

"Where there is no vision, the people perish."

Chapter I
The Home at Genoa
1805-1831.