Campaign

401 XLVIII. The Souakim Expedition of 1885 408 XLIX. The Attack on McNeill's Zeriba 416 L. Graham's Advance and Withdrawal from the Eastern Soudan 430 LI. Evacuation 437 LII. Continuation 443 LIII. The Mahdist Invasion 447 LIV. Finance, the Suez Canal, and the Army of Occupation 453 LV. The Eastern Soudan 459 LVI. The Nile Frontier 466 LVII. Wad-en-Nejumi and Collapse of the Invasion 474 LVIII. The Eastern Soudan again 486 LIX. In Lower Egypt 494 LX. The Dongola Expedition 501 LXI. The Reconquest of Dongola 512 LXII. The Advance to Berber 519 LXIII. On the River—Kassala 524 LXIV. From the Nile to the Atbara 530 LXV. The Battle of the Atbara 541 LXVI. The Advance on Omdurman 551 LXVII. The Battle of Omdurman 559 LXVIII. The Capture of Omdurman 574 LXIX. Fashoda 584 LXX. Destruction of the Khalifa 590   Conclusion 595

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THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGNS.

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CHAPTER I.
EGYPTIAN FINANCE.

Towards the close of the year 1875, Ismail Pasha, then Khedive of Egypt, had about got to the end of his resources. His liabilities on loans, contracted either in his own name or in that of his Government, amounted to £55,332,609; in addition to this there was a "Floating Debt" of £21,334,960—and £1,000,000—due for the expenses of the war with Abyssinia. The Treasury Bills were being daily protested, the salaries of the Government officials were in arrear, and everything pointed to impending bankruptcy.

This was the situation when Ismail sold to the British Government the shares in the Suez Canal Company which he had