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قراءة كتاب St. Nicholas His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular Customs
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St. Nicholas His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular Customs
St. Nicholas
His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular Customs
By
George H. McKnight
Illustrated
G. P. Putnam’s Sons
New York and London
The Knickerbocker Press
1917
Copyright, 1917
BY
GEORGE H. McKNIGHT
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
PREFACE
A few years ago, while trying to trace the history of certain Christmas customs, I was unavoidably brought into contact with St. Nicholas. A closer acquaintance with that amiable personality was the result, and acquaintance gradually deepened into veneration and affection. In the same year in which began my closer acquaintance with St. Nicholas, I was so fortunate as to be brought face to face with some of the quaint pictures in which Italian painters, with so much charm, have represented the various episodes in the life of the saint. I was led to believe that others would enjoy the pictures, not all of them readily accessible, and that a wider knowledge of St. Nicholas would greatly enlarge the circle of his friends. The present book was the result.
My aim has been, not to offer an exhaustive study of all the difficult questions that are connected with the name of St. Nicholas, but to bring together, from somewhat scattered sources, the elements in his life story. The kindly acts recorded of him have lived in popular memory and have flowered into some of the most generally cherished of popular customs. In St. Nicholas the reader will come in contact with a personality of unique amiability, whose influence has permeated popular customs for many centuries and has contributed much of sweetness to human life.
My original contribution to the subject has been slight. In the notes I have attempted to indicate my indebtedness to other writers, although the amount of this debt I have not been able adequately to show. To the artists who have represented with feeling and with charm the scenes in the life of St. Nicholas, this book is most indebted, and for them I wish to bespeak a major part of the reader’s attention.
G. H. McK.
CONTENTS
PAGE | ||
Preface | iii | |
CHAPTER | ||
I.— | St. Nicholas, Santa Claus, and Kris Kringle | 1 |
II.— | Biography and Legend | 28 |
III.— | The Boy St. Nicholas and St. Nicholas the Patron Saint of Schoolboys | 37 |
IV.— | St. Nicholas and the Dowerless Maidens | 53 |
V.— | The Boy Bishop, or Nicholas Bishop | 66 |
VI.— | Varied Beneficent Activity | 79 |
VII.— | St. Nicholas Plays | 89 |
VIII.— | St. Nicholas as Patron Saint | 112 |
IX.— | Pagan Heritage of St. Nicholas | 125 |
X.— | St. Nicholas, Defender of the Faith | 141 |
XI.— | Conclusion | 146 |
Notes | 149 |
ILLUSTRATIONS
St. Nicholas and Other Saints Gentile da Fabriano. (Florence.) |
Frontispiece |
FACING PAGE | |
St. Nicholas in East Frisia Reproduced from Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, Das festliche Jahr. |
12 |
Christkindchen (Kris Kringle) and Hans Trapp in Alsace Reproduced from Reinsberg-Düringsfeld. |
18 |