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Abigail Adams   248 Oratory Rock   260 Sir William Howe   265 Major André   270 Arthur Lee   274 Vergennes   289 Beaumarchais   290 Silas Deane   291 Benjamin Franklin   292 General Burgoyne   295 Rochambeau   297 De Grasse   298 Lord Cornwallis   300 Greenway Court Facing 302 George Washington Parke Custis   306 The Chair used by George Washington when Master of Fredericksburg Lodge   307 General Lafayette Facing 313 John Adams   328 Washington's Reception at Trenton   343 Mary Washington's Monument   357 The Avenue of Poplars at Nomini Hall   363

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AUTHORITIES

Virginia Historical Magazine.

William and Mary Quarterly.

Virginia Historical Register.

Meade's Old Churches and Families of Virginia.

Campbell's History of Virginia.

Irving's Life of Washington.

Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington. By George Washington Parke Custis.

Cooke's Virginia.

The Bland Papers. By Campbell.

Howe's Virginia.

Journal of Philip Vickars Fithian.

Towers's Lafayette.

Creasy's Fifteen Decisive Battles.

Morse's Franklin.

Lecky's England in the Eighteenth Century.

Fiske's American Revolution.

Sparks's Diplomatic Correspondence.

Washington's Works.

Bancroft's History of the United States.

Life and Letters of George Mason. By Kate Mason Rowland.

Beaumarchais and his Times.

Edwardes's Translations of Lemonie.

Lives of the Chief Justices of England.

Twining's Travels in America.

Burnaby's Travels.

The Story of Mary Washington. By Marion Harland.

Randall's Life of Jefferson.

Worthies of England. By Thomas Fuller.

Foote's Sketches of Virginia.

Parton's Franklin.

A Study in the Warwickshire Dialect. By Appleton Morgan, A.M., LL.B.

Maternal Ancestry of Washington. By G. W. Ball.

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PART I

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The Mother of Washington and her Times

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY

The mothers of famous men survive only in their sons. This is a rule almost as invariable as a law of nature. Whatever the aspirations and energies of the mother, memorable achievement is not for her. No memoir has been written in this country of the women who bore, fostered, and trained our great men. What do we know of the mother of Daniel Webster, or John Adams, or Patrick Henry, or Andrew Jackson, or of the mothers of our Revolutionary generals?

When the American boy studies the history of his country, his soul soars within him as he reads of his own forefathers: how they rescued a wilderness from the savage and caused it to bloom into fruitful fields and gardens, how they won its independence through eight years