succession; Bavarian inroad of 1703; the Pontlatzerbrücke; Baierische-Rumpel—St. Annensäule—Joseph I.—Karl Philipp; builds the Land-haus and gymnasium, restores the Pfarrkirche; stucco and marble decorations; frescoes; preservation of Damian Asam—Strafarbeitshaus—Church of S. John Nepomuk; his popularity; canonisation—Maria Theresa; her partiality for Innsbruck; example; Prussian prisoners; marriage of Leopold; death of Francis I.; the Triumphpforte, the Damenstift—Joseph II.—Archduchess Maria Elizabeth—Pius VI. passes through Innsbruck—Leopold II.—Repeal of Josephinischen measures—Francis II.—Outbreak of the French revolution—-Das Mädchen v. Spinges—The Auferstehungsfeier—Archduchess Maria Elizabeth—Gottesacker—Treaty of Pressburg—‘The Year Nine’—Andreas Hofer—Peace of Schönbrunn—Speckbacher; successes at Berg Isel; Hofer as Schützen-Kommandant; his moderation, simplicity, subordination; his betrayal; last hours; firmness; execution—Restoration of Austrian rule—Hofer’s monument—Tirolese loyalty in 1848—The Ferdinandeum; its curiosities—Early editions of German authors—Paintings on cobweb—The Schiess-stand—Policy of the Viennese Government, constitutional opposition of Tirol—Population of Innsbruck      265

CHAPTER X.

NORTH TIROL—OBERINNTHAL.

INNSBRUCK TO ZIRL AND SCHARNITZ—INNSBRUCK TO THE LISENS-FERNER.

Excursions from Innsbruck—Mühlau; new church; Baronin Sternbach—Judgment of Frau Hütt—Büchsenhausen—Weierburg—Mariä-Brunn—Hottingen; monuments in the Friedhof—Schloss Lichtenthurm—The Höttingerbild; the student’s Madonna; stalactites—Excursion to Zirl—Grossen Herr-Gott Strasse—Kranebitten—The Schwefelloch—The Hundskapelle—The Zirlerchristen—Gross Solstein—The Martinswand; danger of the Emperor Maximilian; Collin’s ballad; who led the Kaiser astray?—His importance in Europe; efforts to rescue him; the Blessed Sacrament visits him; unknown deliverer—Martinsbühl—Traditions of Kaiser Max—Zirl—Fragenstein; its hidden treasure—Leiten—Reit—Seefeld—The Heilige Blutskapelle—The Seekapelle—Scharnitz—Isarthal—Porta Klaudia—Dirstenöhl—The beggar-woman’s prayer; vision of the peasant of Dorf      310

Unter-Perfuss—Selrainthal—The Melach—Rothenbrunn—Fatscherthal—The Hohe Villerspitz—Sonnenberg—Magdalenen-Bründl—Character of the Selrainthalers—Ober-Perfuss; Peter Anich—Kematen—Völs; the Blasienberg; S. Jodok—The Galwiese—The Schwarze-Kreuzkapelle; Hölzl’s vow—Ferneck—Berg Isel—Noise of the rifle practice—Count v. Stachel—Natters and Mutters—Waidburg—The Nockspitze—Götzens—Schloss Völlenberg; Oswald v. Wolkenstein—Birgitz—Axams—The Sendersthal      329

CHAPTER XI.

WÄLSCH-TIROL.

THE WÄLSCHEROLISCHE-ETSCHTHAL AND ITS TRIBUTARY VALLEYS.

Val di Lagarina—Borghetto—Ala—Roveredo—Surrounding castles—Dante at Lizzana—The Slavini di S. Marco—La Busa del Barbaz; its myths—Serravalle—Schloss Junk—The Madonna del Monte—Industries—Chapel of S. Columban—Trent, Festa of St. Vigilius; comparison between Trent and Rome; the Domkirche; its notabilia; Sta. Maria Maggiore; seat of the council; assenting crucifix; centenary celebration; legend of the organ-builder—Church of St. Peter; Chapel of S. Simonin; club; museum; Palazzi; Palazzo Zambelli, Teufelspalast; its legend; General Gallas—The Madonna alle Laste; view of Trent—Dos Trento—St. Ingenuin’s garden; St. Albuin’s apples—Lavis—French spoliation—Restitution—Wälsch Michel      340

Tributary valleys—Val di Non; Annaunia—Rochetta Pass Wälschmetz—Visiaun—Spaur Maggiore—Denno—Schloss Belasis—The Seidenbaum—Tobel Wild-see—Cles; Tavola Clesiana; Roman remains; the Schwarzen Felder—SS. Sisinus, Martyrius and Alexander—Val di Sole—Livo—Magras; Val di Rabbi; San Bernardo—Malè—Charles Quint’s visit—Pellizano—Val di Pejo—Cogolo—Corno de’ tre Signori—Val Vermiglio—Tonale; the witches’ sabbath there—Tregiovo—Cloz—U-Liebe Frau auf dem Gampen—Fondo—Sanzeno—Legend of the three brothers: mithraic bas-relief—The Tirolean Petrarch—St. Romediusthal; legend of St. Romedius; angelic consecration; conversion of the false penitents; extraordinary construction and arrangement of the building; romantic situation; fifteen centuries of uninterrupted veneration—Castel Thun; attachment of the people to the family; a Nonesade; aqueduct—Dombel; its Etruscan key; its import      358

The Avisiothal—Val di Cembra; its inaccessibility—Altrei; presentation of colours—Fleimserthal; Cavalese; its church a museum of Tirolese Art; local parliament; legend of its site; handsome new church—Fassathal—Moena—Analogous English and French traditions—Marriage customs of the valley—The Feuriger Verräther—Vigo—The Marmolata; its legends—St. Ulrich      374

CHAPTER XII.

WÄLSCH-TIROL.

VAL SUGANA—GIUDICARIA—FOLKLORE.

Val Sugana—Baselga—The Madonna di Pinè; legend of the Madonna di Caravaggio—Pergine; miners; the Canoppa—The Schloss—Marriage customs of the valley—Lake Caldonazzo—St. Hermes at Calzeranica—Bosentino—Nossa signora del Feles—The sleeper of Valle del Orco—Caldonazzo—Lafraun; legend of the disunited brothers—Borgo, the Italian Meran—Franciscan convent; Castel Telvana; dangers of a carneval procession; Count Welsburg’s vow—Gallant border defences—Stalactite caves of Costalta—Sette Comuni—Castelalto—Strigno—Castelrotto—Cima d’Asta—Quarazza garnet quarry—Ivano—Grigno; Legend of St. Udalric—Castel Tesino—Canal San Bovo to Primiero—Tale of Virginia Loss; humble heroism—Le Tezze; modern heroes      382

Judicarien; its divisions—Castel Madruzz; Cardinal Karl Madruzz; his dispensation; its conditions—Abraham’s Garden—Sta. Massenza; Bishop’s Summer Palace—Loreto-kapelle—The Rendenathal; St. Vigilius; his zeal; early admission to the episcopate; missionary labours; builds churches; overthrows idols; his stoning; his burial; the rock cloven for his body to pass; the Acqua della Vela; the bread of Mortaso—S. Zulian; his legend; his penitence—Caresolo; its frescoes; another memorial of Charles Quint; his estimation of Jews—New churches—Legends of Condino and Campiglio—Riva on the Garda-see; its churches; its olive branches—The Altissimo di Nago; view from S. Giacomo; optical illusion—Brentonico—The Ponte delle Streghe—Mori; tobacco cultivation      400

Character of Wälsch-Tirol