id="pgepubid00024">202

XIX.

The Pyramids

231

XX.

The Sphinx

235

XXI.

Cairo to Suez

237

XXII.

Suez

246

XXIII.

Suez to Gaza

253

XXIV.

Gaza to Nablus

261

XXV.

Mariam

267

XXVI.

The Prophet Damoor

278

XXVII.

Damascus

284

XXVIII.

Pass of the Lebanon

293

XXIX.

Surprise of Satalieh

298

 

Appendix

308

INTRODUCTION

I

Eothen is the earliest work of Alexander William Kinglake, best known as the historian of the Crimean War.  It is an account of a tour—or rather of selected adventures which occurred during a tour—undertaken in the Levant in 1834, but was not published until ten years later.  The biographical notices of the Author are somewhat meagre, as by his dying directions all his papers were destroyed.  He was born near Taunton in 1809, and educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, at which latter he is said to have been the friend of Thackeray and Tennyson.  On leaving college he started on his Oriental tour with Lord Pollington (the Methley of Eothen), and on returning to England was called to the Bar at Lincoln’s Inn, and obtained a lucrative practice.  But the life was too tame to suit his taste.  In 1845 he visited Algeria, and went through a campaign with the flying column of St. Arnaud; and in 1854 went to the Crimea with Lord Raglan, and was present at the battle of Alma.  On returning to England he decided to go into politics, and was elected for Bridgewater in 1857 in the Liberal interest.  He seems to have been a poor speaker, and to have exercised little parliamentary influence; but we are told that in 1859 he was strongly opposed to the Conspiracy Bill, which was introduced after Orsini’s attempt to murder Napoleon III., and that in 1860 he denounced the cession of Nice and Savoy to France.  In both cases he was apparently actuated by his personal dislike of Napoleon, which is evident in his historical works.  In 1868 he was again returned for Bridgewater, but unseated on petition, for bribery.  One might have supposed that he had acquired this habit in the East, but his biographers assert that he knew nothing of the irregularities which were committed by his agents.  But the chief business of his later life was the composition of the History of the War in the Crimea, of which the first two volumes appeared in 1863, and the seventh and eighth (completing the work) in 1887.  He died in 1891.

II

His earlier and less ambitious, though perhaps more charming, book was rejected by several publishers, but proved an immense success.  It caught the popular fancy at once, and after the lapse of more than fifty years still maintains an honourable position.  In the year after its first appearance it passed through three editions, containing several variations from the editio princeps which have attracted the attention of those who are interested in bibliography.  It is only fair to reprint the book with these corrections, which seem mostly due to the author’s laudable desire for greater accuracy.  For instance, he was apparently seized with qualms as to his assertion (end of chap. xiii.) that when he emerged from the Dead Sea after bathing therein his “skin was thickly encrusted with sulphate of magnesia,” and cautiously substituted “salts” for the more chemical expression.  Yet I observe that the most recent Encyclopædia states that “the water of the Dead Sea is characterised by the presence of a large quantity of magnesian salts,” so perhaps his first statement was not so wrong after all.  He also