href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@44138@[email protected]#SOUL_BELIEFS_OF_THE_TOTEMIC_AGE" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">11. SOUL BELIEFS OF THE TOTEMIC AGE—The psyche as a breath and shadow soul—Its relation to the corporeal soul—Chief bearers of the corporeal soul—Modes of disposition of the dead.

12. THE ORIGIN OF THE FETISH—Fetishes in totem cult—Attainment of independence by fetishism—Fetishes as the earliest forms of the divine image—Retrogressive development of cult objects—Fetish cult as a cult of magic and demons—Amulet and talisman.

13. THE ANIMAL ANCESTOR AND THE HUMAN ANCESTOR—The Mura-Mura legends of the Australians—The animal ancestor—Transition to the human ancestor—Relation to disposal of the corpse and to cults of the dead—Surviving influences of totemism in ancestor cult.

14. THE TOTEMIC CULTS—Customs relating to disposition of the corpse and to sacrifices to the dead—Initiation into manhood—Vegetation cults—Australian Intichiuma festivals—Cults of the soil at the stage of hoe-culture—Underlying factor of community of labour—Unification of cult purposes and their combination with incipient deity cults.

15. THE ART OF THE TOTEMIC AGE—Tatooing—Ceramics—Construction of dwellings—Pole-houses—The ceremonial dance—Instruments of concussion and wind Instruments—Cult-songs and work-songs—The märchen-myth and its developmental forms.

CHAPTER III—THE AGE OF HEROES AND GODS

1. GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE HEROIC AGE—Significance of the individual personality—The hero an ideal human being, the god an ideal hero—Changes in economic life and in society—The rise of the State.

2. THE EXTERNAL CULTURE OF THE HEROIC AGE—Folk migration and the founding of States—Plough-culture—Breeding of domestic animals—The wagon—The taming of cattle—The ox as a draught animal—The production of milk—Relation of these achievements to cult—Warfare and weapons—Rise of private property—Colonization and trade.

3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SOCIETY—The place of the State in the general development of society—The duodecimal and the decimal systems in the organization of political society—The mark community and military organization.

4. FAMILY ORGANIZATION WITHIN POLITICAL SOCIETY—The joint family—The patriarchal family—Paternal descent and paternal dominance—Reappearance of the monogamous family.

5. THE DIFFERENTIATION OF CLASSES—Common property and private property—The conquering race and the subjugated population—Distinction in rank and property—The influence of State and of legal system.

6. THE DIFFERENTIATION OF VOCATIONS—The priesthood as combining class and vocation—Military and political activity—Agriculture and the lower vocations—-The gradual equalization of respect accorded to vocations.

7. THE ORIGIN OF CITIES—The original development of the city—Castle and temple as the signs of a city—The guardian deity of city and State—Secondary developments.

8. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM—Custom and law—Civil law as the original province of law—Political and religious factors—The council of elders and the chieftain—The arbitrator and the appointed judge—The religious sanction of legal practices.

9. THE DEVELOPMENT OF PENAL LAW—Blood revenge and its replacement—Wergild—Right of sanctuary—Development of imprisonment out of private custody of wrongdoer—The Jus Talionis—Increase in complexity of rewards and punishments.

10. THE DIFFERENTIATION OF LEGAL FUNCTIONS—Division of the judicial function—Influence of social organization—Logical classification of forms of the State lacking in genetic significance—Development of constitutions out of history and custom.

11. THE ORIGIN OF GODS—Degeneration theories and developmental theories—Hypotheses of an original monotheism or polytheism—Theory based on nature-mythology—Demon theory of Usener—Characteristics distinguishing the god from the demon and the hero—The god as the result of a fusion of ideal hero and demon.

12. THE HERO SAGA—The hero of saga and the hero of märchen—The purely mythical and the historical hero saga—Magic in märchen and saga—The religious legend—The saint legend.

13.