machine which has attained to the highest speed.

We will first look at the outside of the locomotive.

1, 2, 3, Barrel of Boiler. 6, Smoke-box. 22, Smoke Stack. 32, Spring balance.

33, Whistle. 34, Dome. 64, Exhaust pipe. 70, Cab. 85, Brake blocks. 87, Life guards. 88, Trailing axle and wheel. 59, Heading axle and wheel. 54, Driving axle. O, Speed indicator. P, Splasher. S, Sand-box. T, Tool-box. V, Safety valve. W, Balance-wheel.

Let us now take an inside view of the locomotive. Compare the numbers carefully with the cut, and take time to think what you are doing, otherwise don't read this part at all.

1, 2, 3, Rings arranged telescopically, forming barrel of boiler. 4, Solid angle-iron ring. 5, Tube plate. 6, Smoke box. 7, Shell, or covering plate. 8, Foundation ring. 9, Throat plate. 10, Back plate. 11, Fire door. 12, Covering plate of inside fire-box. 13, Tube plate. 14, Back plate. 15, Stays. 16, Mouth-piece. 17, Stays from inside fire-box to shell plate. 18, Palm stays. 19, Tubes. 20, Smoke-box door. 21, Pinching screw. 22, Chimney. 23, Chimney cap. 24, Blast pipe. 25, Top of blast pipe. 26, Balance weight. 27, Wheel spokes. 28, Front buffer. 29, Mud plug. 30, Safety valve. 31, Safety lever. 32, Spring balance. 33, Whistle. 34, Dome. 35, Regulator. 36, Steam pipes. 37, Elbow pipe. 38, Brick arch. 39, Fire bars. 40, Ash pan. 41, Front damper. 42, Back damper. 43, Frame plate. 44, Iron buffer beam (front). 45, Iron buffer beam (back). 46, (See half width plan) cylinder. 47, Cylinder posts, valve. 48, Valve chest. 49, Steel motion plate. 50, Horn blocks. 51, Axle boxes. 52, Slide bars. 53, Connecting rod. 54, Crank shaft. 55, Crank shaft, big end of. 56, Crank shaft, arm of. 57, Expansion link. 58, Weigh-bar shaft. 59, Valve spindle. 60, Valve rod guide. (See half width plan). 61, Pump. 62, Delivery pipe. 63, Field pipe. 64, Exhaust pipe. 65, Volute spring. 66, Draw-bar hook. 67, Lamp iron. 68, Oil cup. 69, Oil pipes. 70, Cab. 71, Regulator handle. 72, Reversing lever. 73, Draw-bar. 74, Draw-pin. 75, Steam-brake cylinder. 76, Hand-brake. 77, Sand-rod. 78, Front damper. 79, Back damper. 80, Trailing wheel. 81, Driving wheel. 82, Leading wheel. 83, Spring. 84, Hand rail. 85, Brake blocks. 86, Waste water-cocks. 87, Life guard. 88, Railing axle. 89, Leading axle. Z, Lead plug.

43, Frame plate from end to end of engine. 44, Iron buffer-beam. 46, Cylinders. 50, Horn block, to carry axle-box and brass. 51, Axle-box and brass. 52, Slide bars. 53, Connecting-rod. 54, Driving axle. 55, Big end of driving axle. 56, Arm of driving axle. 59, Valve-spindle. 60, Valve-rod guide. 61, Pump. 76, Hand brake. 85, Brake blocks. 88, Trailing axle. 89, Leading axle. 90, Piston rod. 91, Piston head, held on the rod by a brass nut. 92, Backway eccentric rod. 93, Frontway eccentric rod. 94, Eccentric Straps. 95, Eccentric sheaves. 96, Tire. 97, Lip on tire. 98, Brake irons. 99, Foot plating. 100, Transverse stay. A, Water space between inside and outside fire boxes. B, Slide-block with end of pump-ram screwed into the end. C, Link motion (see 57, inside view). D, Slide valve rod, working guide. H, Inside journal, showing how the axle is supported inside of frame plates. I, Cross-head, solid, with piston rod.

Underneath the Locomotive—Half Width Plan.

15, stays in walls of fire-boxes. 18, stays from crown plate to covering plate. 19, tubes. 23, smoke-stack. 40, ash-pan. 54, crank shaft. 55, big end of crank-shaft. 56, arm of big end. 34, dome.

In Front of the Locomotive Cross-section.

A, water space. F, nave of wheel. P, P, splashers over driving wheels. R, right side of engine. L, left side of engine.

75, steam brake handle. 33, whistle handle. 23, smoke stack. K, K, weather glasses. O, speed indicator. E, conductor's bell. N, oil for cylinder. X, blower handle. R, right side of engine. L, left side of engine. M, M, gauge glasses.

Some Points About the Locomotive.

Here are a few interesting points about this particular locomotive which we have just been describing.

It is a single engine on six wheels—which are well distributed, with a large boiler of abundant steam generating power with cylinders of great capacity, and driving wheels of moderate diameter.

It is accompanied by a tender on six wheels, capable of holding a supply of 2,520 gallons of water, and 40 cwt. of coal.

Notwithstanding its great capacity, this tender is so low that a tall man may stand on top of the coal without fear of being knocked down by bridges.

There are over 47 tons of metal in the locomotive and tender.

When they are in full working order the gross weight with water and fuel amounts to 59 tons.

This locomotive drew its first train 87 miles in 1 hour and 50 minutes.

Differences in Locomotives.

It is an old saying and a true one that no two locomotives are ever alike, any more than two men are ever alike.

The difference is due not so much to the materials of which the locomotive is built as to the method in which they are put together, for no two engines were ever put together geometrically alike.

They may differ in some simple matter. It may be in the casting of the cylinders, in the quality of the copper of the fire box, in the valves or in the smoke stack. Whatever the difference may be there is still always a difference which is bound to affect the running qualities either for better or for worse.

CHAPTER III.

HOW TO BECOME AN ENGINEER.

The boy who aims to become an engineer, if he desires success, must make up his mind to two things.

First, that he will, all his life, have plenty of hard work.

Second, that he will, in spite of all obstacles become a good engineer.

A boy who looks forward to the honorable calling should be of robust health and perfect physically. If these conditions do not exist, he should abandon the thought at once, and turn his attention to something else.

There is no royal road to engineering any more than there is to any other honorable calling.

A position must first be obtained in the round house as general helper.

For a time the candidate must content himself with doing chores, cleaning up and any odd jobs which are given him to do.

At this stage of the game he must cultivate habits of observation, be an attentive listener and try to understand and remember the "engine talk," that is going on about him.

Everything he learns in this way is going to be of service later on.

For the first few months, unless he is fortunate enough to gain favor in the eyes of some obliging engineer, no one is going to stop to explain matters and he need not expect it. Nevertheless there are a thousand and one little things that he can pick up if he is shrewd, all of which will come in play later on.

When the locomotive is taken out watch how they do it. When it comes in keep your eyes open for points, and you will be sure to get them. When it breaks down and comes in for repairs then is the very time of all others to be on hand if you can and watch how they fix it.

Every day will bring its own