Tendency of Maori verb to assume the form of a substantive 150-152 The finite verb may follow the oblique case 152 Predication performed by the possessive case 152-155 Compound tenses 155 Other circumstances which affect the time or voice of a verb 155-159 Verbs associated to qualify each other 159 Repetition of verbs 159 ——of other words 159-160 Passive verbs, use of 160 Sometimes supplanted by the active 160-162 Neuter verbs which assume the passive form 162 CHAP. XX.
OF THE PREPOSITIONS, ADVERBS, AND CONJUNCTIONS. 163-167

CHAPTER I.
OF THE
PRONUNCIATION OF MAORI.

THE LETTERS OF MAORI ARE AS FOLLOWS

		NAME.
A.		a as in fall fat.
E.		e as a in acorn.
H.		ha.
I.		i as i in French or ee in sleep.
K.		ka.
M.		ma.
N.		na.
O.		o.
P.		pa.
R.		ra.
T.		ta.
U.		u.
W.		wa.
NG.		nga.

OF THE SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS.

A.

Has three sounds; the slender, somewhat broader, and the full broad sound.

1. The slender, as in hat, pat.

2. The somewhat broader; as in mar, far, father.

3. The full broad; as in wall, hall, &c.

The following is a list of words classified under these heads:

1.	2.	3.
patu, to strike.	patu, partition of a house.
mătua, a father.	mātua, fathers.	whana, to kick.
mărama, the moon.	mārama, tight.	wahi, a place.
taki, to drag a canoe in water.	taki, take from the fire.	whaki, to confess.
matenga, death.	matenga, head.	ware, a plebeian.
tăringa, ear.	tāringa, waiting for.
păkaru, broken.	pākarua, v. p. broken.
pakeke, hard.	pakeke, to creak.
tăngata, a man.	.....  .....	tāngata, men.
tahu, to burn.	tahuhu, a ridgepole.	whare, a house.

The second and third head differ but little from each other, and it sometimes may be difficult to decide under which of the two the sound should be classed.

The reader is requested to notice that the distinctions above made, are not founded so much on the length of the sound, as on the differences of the sounds themselves. If the length of the sound be considered, other classes, (at least two,) might easily be established; but the learner would, we fear, be more perplexed than benefitted by the addition.

The speaker should remember that in some compound words the last syllable of the first word, if it end in a, is pronounced strong; e. g.

• Patungā-poaka; place where pigs are killed. Ma-hingā-kai; a cultivation. Matā-pu; the lead of a gun, a bullet. Ta te tutuā tu; the plebeian's manners.

Note.—There are exceptions to this rule which it would be well for the student of observation to notice.

In pronouncing such words as kata, mata, tata, the speaker must be careful not to slur over the first a, as if it were keta, meta, &c. It should be pronounced clearly and distinctly.

E

Is pronounced as a in bate, hate, &c., only not quite so slow, or so broad. Perhaps the final e in the French words café, felicité, would be a closer resemblance; e. g., koe, rea, re, kete, mate, tenei, rere.

(2.) As e in poetical,