href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@44986@[email protected]#PART_II" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">PART II
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS AND THE
APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

LIST OF REFERENCES AND THEIR ABBREVIATIONS

Note.—(Stud.) affixed to a reference indicates that the original article is recommended as suitable reading for college students taking their second year of work in chemistry.

• Am. Chem. J.—American Chemical Journal.
• Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.—Annales de Chimie et de Physique.
• Ber. d. chem. Ges.—Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft.
• Le Blanc's Lehrbuch der Elektrochemie (1903).
• Böttger's Qualitative Analyse (1908).
• Compt. rend.—Comptes rendus.
• Fresenius's Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis (1909).
• Fresenius's Quantitative Chemical Analysis (1904).
• Van 't Hoff's Lectures on Theoretical and Physical Chemistry (1898).
• H. C. Jones's The Elements of Physical Chemistry.
• J. Am. Chem. Soc.—Journal of the American Chemical Society.
• J. Chem. Soc. (London).—Journal of the Chemical Society (London).
• J. of Physiology.—Journal of Physiology.
• J. Phys. Chem.—Journal of Physical Chemistry.
• J. prakt. Chem.—Journal für praktische Chemie.
• Kohlrausch und Holborn's Leitvermögen der Elektrolyte (1898).
• Landolt-Börnstein-Meyerhoffer's Physikalisch-Chemische Tabellen.
• Liebig's Ann.—Liebig's Annalen der Chemie.
• Nernst's Theoretical Chemistry (1904).
• Nernst's Theoretische Chemie (1909).
• Ostwald's Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chemie (1893).
• Ostwald's Scientific Foundations of Analytical Chemistry (1908).
• Ostwald's Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen der analytischen Chemie (1894).
• Phil. Mag.—Philosophical Magazine.
• Phil. Trans. Royal Soc.—Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
• Poggendorff's Ann.—Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik und Chemie.
• Proc. Am. Acad.—Proceedings of the American Academy.
• Remsen's Inorganic Chemistry, Advanced Course, 1904.
• Smith's General Inorganic Chemistry (1909).
• Smith's General Chemistry for Colleges (1908).
• Treadwell's Qualitative Analyse (1902).
• Walker's Introduction to Physical Chemistry (1909).
• Wiedemann's Ann.—Wiedemann's Annalen der Physik und Chemie.
• Z. analyt. Chem.—Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie.
• Z. anorg. Chem.—Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie.
• Z. für Elektrochem.—Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie.
• Z. phys. Chem.—Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie.

QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PART I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Qualitative chemical analysis is concerned with the determination of the kinds of matter present in any given substance. In its broadest sense it includes the determination of all kinds of matter, the elements, rare as well as common, and all their combinations, organic compounds as well as inorganic. The recognition of the presence of rare elements, such as radium, uranium, thorium, tungsten, cerium, etc., is becoming a matter of growing importance with the modern development of the subject of radioactivity and the technical exploitation of the rarer elements, and it is a common experience for an analytical chemist to be called upon to determine the presence or absence of alcohol in beverages, of formalin in milk or other foods, and not a rare experience to be obliged to make tests for the presence of alkaloids like strychnine, morphine, cocaine, or for the presence