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قراءة كتاب Torpedoes and Torpedo Warfare
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TORPEDOES
AND
TORPEDO WARFARE:
COMPLETE AND CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE
RISE AND PROGRESS OF SUBMARINE WARFARE;
ALSO A
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ALL MATTERS APPERTAINING THERETO,
INCLUDING THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS.
BY
LATE LIEUT. R.N., AND LATE COMMANDER IMPERIAL OTTOMAN NAVY.
WITH FIFTY-SEVEN FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS, DIAGRAMS,
WOODCUTS, &c.
PORTSMOUTH:
GRIFFIN & CO., 2, THE HARD,
(Publishers by Appointment to H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh.)
London Agents: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.
————
1880.
PREFACE.
The information has been obtained while practically engaged in torpedo work at home and abroad, and from the study of the principal books which have already appeared on the subject, and to the authors of which he would now beg to express his acknowledgments, viz.: "Submarine Warfare," by Lieut.-Commander Barnes, U.S.N.; "Notes on Torpedoes," by Major Stotherd, R.E.; "Art of War in Europe," by General Delafield, U.S.A.; "Life of Fulton," by C. D. Colden; "Torpedo War," by R. Fulton; "Armsmear," by H. Barnard; "Treatise on Coast Defence," by Colonel Von Scheliha; Professional Papers of the Royal Engineers; "The Engineering"; "The Engineer"; "Scientific American"; "Iron"; &c., &c.
The Author is also desirous of thanking the following gentlemen, to whom he is indebted for much of the valuable information contained herein:—
Messrs. Siemens Brothers, Messrs. Thornycroft and Co., Messrs. Yarrow and Co., Captain C. A. McEvoy, 18 Adam Street, W.C., Mr. L. Lay, Messrs. J. Vavaseur and Co.
London, 1879.
CONTENTS.
| PAGE | |
| Preface | iii |
CHAPTER I. |
|
| The early History of the Torpedo—Remarks on the existing State of Torpedo Warfare | 1 |
CHAPTER II. |
|
| Defensive Torpedo Warfare—Mechanical Submarine Mines—Mechanical Fuzes—Mooring Mechanical Mines | 13 |
CHAPTER III. |
|
| Defensive Torpedo Warfare (continued)—Electrical Submarine Mines—Electrical Fuzes—Insulated Electric Cables—Electric Cable Joints—Junction Boxes—Mooring Electrical Submarine Mines | 27 |
CHAPTER IV. |
|
| Defensive Torpedo Warfare (continued)—Circuit Closers—Firing by Observation—Voltaic Batteries—Electrical Machines—Firing Keys and Shutter Apparatus—Testing Submarine Mines—Clearing a Passage through Torpedo Defences | 60 |
CHAPTER V. |
|
| Offensive Torpedo Warfare—Drifting Torpedoes—Towing Torpedoes—Locomotive Torpedoes—Spar Torpedoes—General Remarks on Offensive Torpedoes | 115 |
CHAPTER VI. |
|
| Torpedo Vessels and Boats—The Uhlan—The Alarm—The Destroyer—Thornycroft's Torpedo Boats—Yarrow's Torpedo Boats—Schibau's Torpedo Boats—Herreshoff's Torpedo Boats—Torpedo Boat Attacks—Submarine Boats | 158 |
CHAPTER VII. |
|
| Torpedo Operations—The Crimean War (1854-56)—The Austro-Italian War (1859)—The American Civil War (1861-65)—The Paraguayan War (1864-68)—The Austrian War (1866)—The Franco-German War (1870-71)—The Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) | 187 |
CHAPTER VIII. |
|
| On Explosives—Definitions—Experiments—Gunpowder—Picric Powder—Nitro-Glycerine—Dynamite—Gun-cotton—Fulminate of Mercury—Dualin—Lithofracteur—Horsley's Powder—Torpedo Explosive Agents—Torpedo Explosions | 204 |
CHAPTER IX. |
|
| Torpedo Experiments—Chatham, England, 1865—Austria—Carlscrona, Sweden, 1868—Kiel, Prussia—England, 1874—Copenhagen, Denmark, 1874—Carlscrona, Sweden, 1874-75—Portsmouth, England, 1874-75—Pola, Austria, 1875—Portsmouth, England, 1876—Experiments with Countermines—The Medway, England, 1870—Stokes Bay, England, 1873—Carlscrona, Sweden, 1874 | 220 |
CHAPTER X. |
|
| The Electric Light—The Nordenfelt and Hotchkiss Torpedo Guns—Diving | 239 |