country. It took a long time to secure it, but eventually he was liberated on a technicality, went South and joined the Southern cause, and was killed in battle not long afterward.

"What has all this to do with Jack and Harry?" the impatient reader asks. We shall very soon find out.

CHAPTER III. SECESSION IDEAS OF NEUTRALITY.

For some days it was rumored in Dubuque that the Iowa troops would soon be ordered to march into the neighboring state of Missouri.

There was great excitement when, on the morning of the eleventh of May, the particulars of occurrences of the day before in St. Louis were published. Jack read about it in the morning paper and then hurried to Harry's house as fast as his young feet could carry him.

"This means business," said Jack, as he quickly narrated to Harry what he had read.

"So it does," was the response; "we 'll surely be off before many days. Let's go to camp."

Away they went, and found, as they expected, that everybody expected to move to the front very shortly.

"We are pretty nearly ready for orders," said the quartermaster, "and you'd better come here twice a day, if not oftener, to make sure that you don't get left. Watch the newspapers and see what happens in Missouri for the next few days, as it will have a good deal to do with our movements."

The boys did as they were directed, and, what was more, they went to a tailor and bought suits resembling those worn by the soldiers. They were not entitled to receive uniforms from the quartermaster, as they had not been enlisted or regularly employed, and, therefore, their outfits were paid for out of their own pockets. But the clothes they wanted were not costly, and therefore their outfits did not cost them much.

There was more news of importance the next day, and if the excitement was great in Dubuque, it was nothing to that in St. Louis.

According to the histories of the time, it occurred in this wise:

A regiment of the Home Guards was marching from the arsenal to its barracks, which lay at the other side of the city, and while on its way it encountered a dense multitude which blocked the street. The crowd being almost wholly composed of secessionists, many of whom were armed with pistols, a pistol-shot was fired at the soldiers, whereupon the latter opened fire, killing eight men and wounding several others. Then the regiment continued to its barracks and was not further molested.

A rumor went around among the secessionists that the Germans had threatened to kill everybody who did not agree with them, and a general massacre was seriously feared. The police commissioners and the mayor asked to have the Home Guards sent away from the city, and though General Harney, the commander of the department, promised to comply with their request, he was soon convinced by Blair and Lyon that it could not be done without giving the city into the hands of the secessionists. Then came a rumor that the Home Guards had refused to obey the orders of General Harney, and were about to begin the destruction of the city and the murder of its inhabitants.

A panic followed, and on the twelfth and thirteenth of May thousands of women and children were sent out of the city; the ferry-boats were crowded to their utmost capacity, and extra steamboats were pressed into service to convey the people to places of safety. Quiet was not restored until two companies of regular soldiers were brought into the city and General Harney had issued a proclamation in which he pledged his faith as a soldier to preserve order and protect all unoffending citizens. This brought back nearly all the fugitives, but there were some who never returned, as they feared the terrible "Dutch blackguards" would revolt against their officers and deluge the streets of St. Louis with blood.

Jack and Harry read with great interest the account of these happenings in the neighboring state, and wondered how they would all end. They also read the editorial comments of the newspapers, but could not understand all they found there.

So they strolled down to camp and questioned one of the soldiers, an intelligent printer from one of the newspaper offices.

"One thing we want to know," said Jack, "is what is meant by 'states-rights'?"

"That 's what the South is going to war about," was the reply; "or at any rate that is the pretext of the leaders, though I've no doubt it is honestly believed by the great mass of the southern people."

"What is it, anyway?"

"Well, it is the idea that the general government of the United States has no power to coerce or control a state against the latter's will."

"Does that mean," said Harry, "that if a state wants to go out of the Union she has a perfect right to do so, and there's no power or right in the general government to stop her?"

"Yes, that's what it means," was the reply. "The states-rights argument is that the states that were dissatisfied with the election of President Lincoln had a perfect right to secede or step out of the Union, and the Union had no right to force them to stay in or come back."

"Thank you," said Harry; "I think I understand it now. And how is it with the border states, like Missouri, and the state sovereignty they 're talking about?"

"The states-rights men in Missouri claim that the national government has no right or authority to call for troops from Missouri to aid in putting down rebellion in the seceded states; that Governor Jackson did right in refusing such troops when the president called for them; that the national government has no right to enlist troops in Missouri to take part in the war, and that it must not be permitted to march its troops into or across or through any part of the state in order to reach the states in rebellion against the national authority."

"In other words," said one of the boys, "they want the state of Missouri to be entirely neutral in the war—to take no part in it either way?"

"That 's what they say," replied the printer, with a smile.

"But look here," exclaimed Harry; "have n't I read that the secessionists in Missouri seized the United States arsenal at Liberty, in the western part of the state, and took possession of all the cannon, small-arms and ammunition they found there?"

"Yes."

"And have n't I read about how they planned to capture the St. Louis arsenal, and Jeff Davis sent them some artillery and ammunition for that purpose, and wrote them a letter saying exactly what the cannon were to be used for, and how they were to be placed on the hills behind the arsenal in order to batter down the walls?"

"Yes, you read that, and it's all true."

"That 's what they call neutrality, is it? Do they claim that they have a perfect right to do anything they please toward destroying the government, but the government does wrong when it lifts a finger for its own protection?"

"That's exactly what they claim and have said over and over again in their newspapers and through the voices of their speakers, and every secessionist you talk with says the same thing."

"Well," exclaimed Harry, after a slight pause, "I don't think much of such neutrality as that. It's as one-sided as the handle of a jug—a sort of 'heads I win, tails you lose,' business. You could respect them and believe them sincere if they said 'hands off from us, and we will keep hands off from you,' and then lived up to what they said."

Jack agreed with Harry, and both of them wondered till they were tired and even then could not make it out how honest and fair-minded men as many of the southern sympathizers undoubtedly were, could call such action as that by the name of neutrality. Doubtless some of the young people who read this story will wonder too, and possibly they may doubt that such was the case. Their doubts will be dispelled when they consult any of their friends