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Future of Saturn's rings  79 Notions about Saturn's satellites and their masses  80 Nature of rings seemingly not well understood  81 Masses given to the satellites of Uranus and Neptune. Explanations of  81 Volumes of the members of the solar system at density of water  82
CHAPTER V.
  Analysis of the Nebular Hypothesis. Separation from the nebula   of the rings for the separate planets, etc.  83 Excessive heat attributed to the nebula erroneous and impossible  84 Centigrade thermometer to be used for temperatures  85 Temperature of the nebula not far from absolute zero  86 Erroneous ideas about glowing gases produced by collisions of their atoms,     or particles of cosmic matter in the form of vapours  86 Separation of ring for Neptune. It could not have been     thrown off in one mass, but in a sheet of cosmic matter  87 Thickness and dimensions of the ring  88 Uranian ring abandoned, and its dimensions  89 Saturnian ring abandoned, and its dimensions  90 Jovian ring abandoned, and its dimensions  91 Asteroidal ring abandoned, and its dimensions  93 Martian ring abandoned, and its dimensions  94 Earth ring abandoned, and its dimensions  95 Venus ring abandoned, and its dimensions  96 Mercurian ring abandoned, and its dimensions  97 Residual mass. Condensation of Solar Nebula to various     diameters, and relative temperatures and densities  98 Unaccountable confusion in the mode of counting absolute temperature examined and explained.     Negative 274 degrees of heat only equal 2 degrees of absolute temperature  100 The Centigrade thermometric scale no better than any other, and cannot be made decimal 103 The sun's account current with the Nebula drawn up and represented by Table III. 104
CHAPTER VI.
  Analysis continued. Excessive heat of nebula involved condensation only at     the surface. Proof that this was Laplace's idea 108 Noteworthy that some astronomers still believe in excessive heat 109 Interdependence of temperature and pressure in gases and vapours.     Collisions of atoms the source of heat 110 Conditions on which a nebula can be incandescent. Sir Robert Ball 110 No proper explanation yet given of incandescent or glowing gas 112 How matter was thrown off, or abandoned by the Jovian nebula 115 Division into rings of matter thrown off determined during contraction 116 How direct rotary motion was determined by friction and collisions of particles 117 Saturn's rings going through the same process. Left to show process 118 Form gradually assumed by nebulæ. Cause of Saturn's square-shouldered appearance 120 A lens-shaped nebula could not be formed by surface condensation 120 Retrograde rotary motion of Neptune and Uranus, and revolution of their satellites     recognised by Laplace as possible 121 Satellites of Mars. Rapid revolution of inner one may be accounted for 123 Laplace's proportion of 4000 millions not reduced but enormously   increased by discoveries of this century 124
CHAPTER VII.
  Analysis continued. No contingent of heat could be imparted to any planet by the parent nebula 126 Only one degree of heat added to the nebula from the beginning till it had     contracted to the density of 1/274th of an atmosphere 127 Increase in temperature from 0° to possible average of 274°     when condensed to 4,150,000 miles in diameter 127 Time when the sun could begin to act as sustainer of life and light anywhere.     Temperature of space 128 The ether devised as carrier of light, heat, etc. What effect it might have on the nebula 129 First measure of its density, as far as we know 130 The estimate too high. May be many times less 133 Return to the solar nebula at 63,232,000 miles in diameter 134 Plausible reason for the position of Neptune not conforming to Bode's Law.     The ring being very wide had separated into two rings 134 Bode's law reversed. Ideas suggested by it 135 Rates of acceleration of revolution from one planet to another 137 Little possibility of there being a planet in the position assigned to Vulcan 138 Densities of planets compared. Seem to point to differences     in the mass of matter abandoned by the nebula at different periods 138 Giving rise to the continuous sheet of matter separating into different masses.