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Bohemian Cigarmakers at Work in their Tenement, 143 A Black-and-tan Dive in “Africa,”, 157 The Open Door, 160 Bird’s-eye View of an East Side Tenement Block, 163 The White Badge of Mourning, 166 In Poverty Gap, West Twenty-eighth Street. An English Coal-heaver’s Home, 169 Dispossessed, 176 The Trench in the Potter’s Field, 178 Prayer-time in the Nursery—Five Points House of Industry, 195 “Didn’t Live Nowhere”, 200 Street Arabs in Sleeping Quarters, 202 Getting Ready for Supper in the Newsboys’ Lodging-house, 205 A Downtown “Morgue,” 214 A Growler Gang in Session, 223 Typical Toughs (from the Rogues’ Gallery), 228 Hunting River Thieves, 231 Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street Attic, 238 A Flat in the Pauper Barracks, West Thirty-eighth Street, with all its Furniture, 245 Coffee at One Cent, 252 Evolution of the Tenement in Twenty Years, 269 General Plan of the Riverside Buildings (A. T. White’s) in Brooklyn, 292 Floor Plan of One Division in the Riverside Buildings, Showing Six “Apartments,” 293

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—James Russell Lowell.

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HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES.

INTRODUCTION.

Long ago it was said that “one half of the world does not know how the other half lives.” That was true then. It did not know because it did not care. The half that was on top cared little for the struggles, and less for the fate of those who were underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there and keep its own seat. There came a time when the discomfort and crowding below were so great, and the consequent upheavals so violent, that it was no longer an easy thing to do, and then the upper half fell to inquiring what was the matter. Information on the subject has been accumulating rapidly since, and the whole world has had its hands full answering for its old ignorance.

In New York, the youngest of the world’s great cities, that time came later than elsewhere, because the