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View of the Snowy Range of Sorata or Illampu 141 The Lake of Vinamarca 143 Tiahuanaco and its Ruins 144 Impression made by the Ruins 147 Character of the Ancient Peruvian Civilization 152 The Primitive Religion of Peru 156 Government and the Policy of the Incas 160 CHAPTER V LA PAZ AND THE BOLIVIAN DESERT Origin of the Bolivian Republic 166 General Physical Character of Bolivia 167 Approach to La Paz: The Barranca 168 Climate of La Paz: The Mountain Sickness or Soroche 171 The City and its Environs 174 Character and Habits of the Bolivian Indians 179 The Plateau from La Paz to Oruro 186 Uyuni: The Great Bolivian Desert 191 Passage through the Andes 198 The Borax Lake and the Volcanoes 199 View of the Western Cordillera 203 The Desert of Atacama 204 CHAPTER VI CHILE The Three Regions of Chile 206 Northern Chile: The Nitrate Fields 207 Megillones and Antofagasta 210 Valparaiso 212 Santiago 216 Pedro de Valdivia and the Rock of Santa Lucia 218 Chilean Society and Politics 220 Southern Chile: Its Climate and Scenery 223 The Coast Cities: Concepcion and Talcahuano 225 Lota Valdivia and Corral 227 The Araucanian Indians: Their History, Customs, and Religion 232 Osorno and its German Colony 239 Rio Bueno 242 Attractiveness of Southern Chile