class="tdl4">3. Stem Cuttings

54 4. Leaf Cuttings 60 Graftage 63-96 General Considerations 63 Particular Methods 67 Budding 67 Grafting 76 Grafting Waxes 92

The Nursery List 97-285 Pollination 286-298 General Requirements 287 Methods 291 Crossing of Flowerless Plants 297

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NURSERY.—An establishment for the rearing of plants. In America the word is commonly used in connection with the propagation of woody plants only, as fruit-trees and ornamental trees and shrubs. This is erroneous. The word properly includes the propagation of all plants by whatever means, and in this sense it is used in this book.

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Tabular Statement of the Ways in which Plants are Propagated.

A. By Seeds.—Seedage.
B. By Buds.		I. On their own roots.		1. By undetached parts.—Layerage.		Root-tips. Runners. Layers proper:      Simple.      Serpentine.      Mound.      Pot or Chinese.
				2. By detached parts.		1. By undivided parts.—Separation (Bulbs, corms, bulbels, bulblets, bulb-scales, tubers, etc).
						2. By divided parts.—Cuttage.		Division. Cuttings proper:      Of tubers.      Of roots.      Of stems.      Of leaves.
		II. On roots of other plants.—Graftage.		1. By detached scions.		I. Budding: Shield, flute, veneer, ring, annular, whistle or tubular.
						II. Grafting:           Whip.           Saddle.           Splice.           Veneer.           Cleft.           Bark.           Herbaceous.           Seed.           Double.           Cutting.
				2. By undetached scions.—Inarching.

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CHAPTER I.

SEEDAGE.

Seedage.—The process or operation of propagating by seeds or spores, or the state or condition of being propagated by seeds or spores.

There are three external requisites to the germination of seeds—moisture, free oxygen, and a definite temperature. These requisites are demanded in different degrees and proportions by seeds of different species, or even by seeds of the same species when differing widely in age or degree of maturity. The supply of oxygen usually regulates itself. It is only necessary that the seeds shall not be planted too deep, that the soil is porous and not overloaded with water. Moisture and temperature, however, must be carefully regulated.

Regulation of Moisture.—Moisture is the most important factor in seedage. It is usually applied to the seeds by means of soil or some similar medium, as moss or cocoanut fiber. Fresh and vigorous seeds endure heavy waterings, but old and poor seeds must be treated sparingly. If there is reason to suspect that the