قراءة كتاب Animal Parasites and Messmates
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اللغة: English
الصفحة رقم: 1
ANIMAL PARASITES AND MESSMATES.
BY
P. J. VAN BENEDEN,
PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN,
CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.
WITH EIGHTY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS.
NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
549 & 551 BROADWAY.
1876.
| CONTENTS. | |
|---|---|
| page | |
| INTRODUCTION. | |
| Adaptation of Food to Animals—Animal Manufacturers—Brigands—Messmates—Mutualists—Theory of Spontaneous Generation | xiii |
CHAPTER I. |
|
| ANIMAL MESSMATES. | |
| Definition—Free Messmates—Fixed Messmates | 1 |
CHAPTER II. |
|
| FREE MESSMATES. | |
| Found in all Classes—Fierasfers in Holothuridæ—Pilot Fish—Remora—Crustacean Messmates—Poisoning by Mussels—Pearl Mussel and small Crab—Dromiæ—Turtle Crabs—Macrourous Decapods—Hermit Crabs—Friendship of Pagurus and Anemone—Isopods—Messmates on Whales—Molluscan Messmates—Lerneans—Distomes—Messmates of the Echinodermata—Of Sponges—Infusorial Messmates | 4 |
CHAPTER III. |
|
| FIXED MESSMATES. | |
| Cirrhipedes—Importance of Embryology—Recurrent Development—Messmates, characteristic of the various Species of Whales—Cirrhipedes on Sharks—Crustaceans, Messmates on other Crustaceans—Cirrhipedes on Molluscs—Bryozoa—Fossil Messmates—Messmates on Sponges—Spicules of Hyalonema—Ophiodendrum | 53 |
CHAPTER IV. |
|
| MUTUALISTS. | |
| Definition—Ricinidæ—Trichodectes of Dog harbouring Larva of Tænia—Arguli—Caliguli—Ancei—Pranizæ—Cyami—Nematode Mutualists—Strange form of Histriobdellæ—Egyptian Distome in Man | 68 |
CHAPTER V. |
|
| PARASITES. | |
| Distinction between Parasites and Carnivora—Parasites found on all Classes of Animals—Males dependent on Females—Parasites on Man—Abundant Parasites in Stork—All the Organs nourish Parasites—Different size of Male and Female—Lerneans—Diplozoa—Migration of Parasites—Corresponding Changes of Form—Parasites restricted to certain Regions—Former Theory of Spontaneous Generation | 85 |
CHAPTER VI. |
|
| PARASITES FREE DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE. | |
| Leeches—Vampires—Cylicobdellæ—Branchellions—Gnats—Blackflies—Mosquitoes—Gnats in high Latitudes—Tsetse—Ox-flies—Pteropti—Nycteribiæ—Bugs—Lice—Fleas—Itch Insect—Acari on Beetles and Bees—Cheyletus eruditus | 107 |
CHAPTER VII. |
|
| PARASITES FREE WHILE YOUNG. | |
| Isopod Parasites—Chigoe—Ticks—Pigeon-mite—Bopyridæ—Ichthoxenus—Peltogasters—Tracheliastes—Penellæ—Lerneans—Guinea-worm—Leptodera of Snail—Nematodes in Bones—Lichnophoræ—Gregarinæ | 138 |
CHAPTER VIII. |
|
| PARASITES THAT ARE FREE WHEN OLD. | |
| Utility of Ichneumons—Scoliæ of Tan-beetles—Scolyti of Seychelles Cocoa-nut Trees—Elms at Brussels destroyed by Scolyti—Polynema in Eggs of Dragon-fly—Sphex—Platygaster—
Horse-fly—Livingstone—Animals in Paraguay destroyed by Hippobosci—Dipterous Parasites on Sheep and Stag—Gordius—Shower of Worms—Eels in Ears of Corn |
162 |
CHAPTER IX. |
|
| PARASITES THAT MIGRATE AND UNDERGO METAMORPHOSES. | |
| Nostosites—Xenosites—Hosts serving as a Crèche, a Vehicle, or a Lying-in Hospital—Lamarck on Spontaneous Generation—Trematodes—Monostomes—Sporocysts and Cercariæ—Passage from one Host to another—Distomes—Flukes—Hemistomes—Amphistomes—Tæniæ of the Dog and Wolf—Hydatids—Tænia solium in Man—Cysticercus of Pig—Cysticercus of Rabbit and Hare passing into Dog—Cœnurus of Sheep—Bothriocephalus—Linguatula in Negro—Strongyli—Trichinæ—Panic in Germany—Vibriones in Corn—Echinorrhynchus—Dicyema | 183 |
CHAPTER X. |
|
| PARASITES DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE. | |
| Strepsitera—Stylops—Rhipiptera—Tristomidæ—Epibdella—Diplozoon, two Individuals—Polystomum of Frog—Gyrodactyles—Cochineal Insect—Aphides—Phylloxera of Vine—An Acaris, its Mortal Enemy—Ant-Cows—Bonnet’s Theory of Germs—The Reduvius personatus, a valuable enemy to the Bed-bug | public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@48010@[email protected]#Page_225" |