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قراءة كتاب The Emancipation of South America
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THE EMANCIPATION OF
SOUTH AMERICA
BEING A CONDENSED TRANSLATION
BY
WILLIAM PILLING
OF
THE HISTORY OF SAN MARTIN
BY
GENERAL DON BARTOLOMÉ MITRE
FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC
With Maps
LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, Ltd.
1893
TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE.
THE title of this translation is the second title of the original “History of San Martin.” This transposition of title is an index to the relation which the translation bears to the original. This latter is truly a biography of San Martin, whose life could not be understood unless very full account were given of the events in which he took so prominent a part, therefore the biography is also a history.
No man who plays a prominent part in the history of a revolution can escape becoming involved in disputes with his contemporaries, and in many intricate questions which are of interest only to a very small number of their successors. These disputes and these questions greatly affect the career of a man, but have small influence upon the history of a Nation. Of such troubles San Martin had his full share, his biographer has entered fully into them, and with much detail has given proofs of the correctness of the view he takes of them. These details are, for the most part, suppressed in the translation, and all matters concerning San Martin himself are greatly curtailed, while prominence is given to the events of the times in which the scene passes. The translation is thus a history in which enter the biographies of the two principal personages, San Martin and Bolívar.
This translation is intended only for the general mass of English-speaking readers, to whom minute details are wearisome, and is thus in every part a condensation of the copious accounts which are given in the original of the stirring events described. The student of history will not find in it that ample information which he requires, in order fully to understand the subject in all its bearings; for him the original provides a mine of historic wealth, enriched as it is with notes and with a voluminous appendix.
William Pilling.
London, March, 1893.
CONTENTS.
| PAGE | |
| Translator’s Preface | vii |
| Prologue | xxvii |
| CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. |
|
|---|---|
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The Argument of the Book—Synopsis of the South American Revolution—The Action of America upon Europe—The Colonization of Spanish America—The Colonization of North America—Colonial Policy in both Americas—The Emancipation of North America—The Affiliation of the Revolution of South America—The Moral Revolution of South America—The Precursor of the Emancipation of South America—The Races of South America; the Creole—The First Throes of Revolution—The Growth of the Revolution—Attempts at Monarchy in South America—Retrospection |
1 |
| CHAPTER II. SAN MARTIN IN EUROPE AND IN AMERICA. 1778—1812. |
|
|
His Birth and Parentage—Leaves for Spain—His Career in the Spanish Army—Africa—France—St. Vincent—Portugal—Cadiz—Society of Lautaro—Argonilla—Baylen—Tudela—Albuera—Lord Macduff—London—Buenos Ayres—Outbreak of the Revolution—Experiments in Government—The Influence of San Martin—Personal Appearance and Character of San Martin |
31 |
| CHAPTER III. THE LAUTARO LODGE. 1812—1813. |
|
|
The First Triumvirate—Political Parties—The Mounted Grenadiers—Military School—The Lautaro Lodge—Battle of Tucuman—Revolution of 8th October—The Second Triumvirate—Military Plans |
43 |
| CHAPTER IV. SAN LORENZO. 1813—1814. |
|
|
Battle of the Cerrito—Meeting of the Constituent Assembly—Reforms—Spanish Depredations on the Fluvial Coasts—The Action of San Lorenzo—Battle of Salta—Influence of the Lodge—Disasters of Vilcapugio and Ayohuma—Argentine Generals—San Martin takes Command of the Army of the North—Appointment of the Supreme Director |
53 |
| CHAPTER V. UPPER PERU. 1814. |
|
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The Problem of the Argentine Revolution—The Geography and Ethnology of Upper Peru—Outbreak and Progress of the Revolution in Upper Peru—Cruelties of the Spaniards—Composition of the Royalist Army—Arenales—His campaign from Cochabamba to Santa Cruz—Battle of La Florida—Results of these Operations |
64 |
| CHAPTER VI. THE WAR IN THE NORTH. 1814. |
|
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The Army | |