A HISTORY
OF THE
INQUISITION OF SPAIN

BY
HENRY CHARLES LEA. LL.D.

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IN FOUR VOLUMES
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VOLUME III.


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New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd.
1907
All rights reserved

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


Copyright, 1907,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
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Set up and electrotyped. Published January, 1907.

CONTENTS OF VOL. III.

BOOK VI—PRACTICE (Continued). Chapter VII—Torture. PAGE General Use of Torture in Secular Courts 1 The Inquisition not exceptionally cruel 2     More moderate than the Roman Holy Office 3 Formal Preliminaries to prevent its Abuse 4 The Threat of Torture 6 Conditions justifying torture 7 Torture of Witnesses—Torture in caput alienum 11 No exemptions admitted 13 Limitations of Torture 14 The Administration of Torture 16 Varieties of Torture 18 Severity of Torture 22 Record of Administration 24 Confession under Torture must be ratified 27 Repetition of Torture 28 Endurance without Confession 30 Frequency of Use of Torture 33 Fees of the Torturer 35 Chapter VIII—The Trial. Gradual development of Procedure 36 The Audience—The Three Monitions 37 The Charges Withheld 39 The Accusation 41 The Advocate for the Defence—His Function 42 The Curador for Minors 50 The Patrones Teólogos 51 Publication of Evidence 53 The Defence—Recusation of Judges

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">56     Insanity 58     Tacha and Abonos 63     Evidence for the Defence 64     The Argument of the Advocate 69 Examination of the Accused 70 The Consulta de Fe 71 Delays 75 Prosecution of the Dead 81     of the Absent 86 BOOK VII—PUNISHMENT. Chapter I—The Sentence. The two Forms of Sentence 93 The Culprit kept in Ignorance 94 Appeals 95 Modification of Sentence 97 Severity or Benignity 99 Enforcement of the Sentence 101 Acquittal 105 Suspension 108 Admission to Bail 111 Compurgation or Wager of Law 113     Used by the Inquisition in Doubtful Cases 114     Formula of Procedure 117 Chapter II—Minor Penalties. Reprimand 121 Abjuration 123 Exile 126 Razing Houses 128 Spiritual Penances 131 Unusual Penalties 132 Chapter III—Harsher Penalties. The Scourge 135 Vergüenza 138 The Galleys—The Presidio 139 Reconciliation

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@46509@[email protected]#page_146" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">146 The Perpetual Prison 151     Commutations 160 The Sanbenito 162     Its display in Churches 164 Disabilities 172 Clerical Offenders 180 Chapter IV—the Stake. Burning for heresy in the Public Law of Europe 183 Responsibility of the Church 184 Conversion before or after Sentence—Strangling before Burning 190 Conditions entailing relaxation—Pertinacity 195     Denial—the Negativo 198     Partial confession—the Diminuto 199     The Dogmatizer or Heresiarch 200     Relapse 202 Disappearance of relaxation 208 Chapter V—the Auto de Fe. Impressiveness of the Auto Publico General 209     Preparations and Celebration 213 The Auto Particular or Autillo 220     It Replaces the General Public Auto 221     Celebration in Churches 224 The Auto de fe as a spectacular Entertainment 227 BOOK VIII—SPHERES OF ACTION. Chapter I—Jews. Neglect of Instruction of coerced Converts 231 Slenderness of Proof required for Prosecutio 232 Gradual Disappearance of Judaism 234 Influx of Portuguese Judaizers after the Conquest of Portugal 237 Portugal—Treatment of Jewish Refugees 237 João III resolves to introduce the Inquisition 238 Struggle in Rome between João and the New Christians 239     João

obtains an unrestricted Inquisition 253     Activity of the Inquisition 259     Tribunal established in Goa but not in Brazil 261     Organization of the Portuguese Inquisition 262     Cases of George Buchanan and Damião de Goes 263     Increased activity after the Spanish Conquest 265     The General Pardon of 1604 267     The Portuguese New Christians in Spain 270     Active Persecution in Portugal 273     Discussions as to Expulsion 275     Rebellion of 1640—João IV favors the New Christians 280     Padre Antonio Vieira S. J. appeals for them to Rome 284     Innocent XI orders Modifications of Procedure 289 Unabated Prejudice in Spain—Olivares opposes the Inquisition 290 Dread of Jewish Propaganda—Case of Lope de Vera 293 Persistent Persecution of Portuguese 296 Gradual Obsolescence of Jewish Observances 300 Restriction of Emigration or Expulsion 303 Catastrophe of Majorca 305 Recrudescence of Persecution after the War of Succession 308 Extinction of Judaism in Spain 311 Exclusion of Foreign Jews 311 Readmission to Spain under Constitution of 1869 315 Chapter II—Moriscos. Toleration of the Mudéjares—Capitulations of Granada 317 Talavera and Ximenes in Granada 319 Rising of the Moors—Enforced Conversion 322 Isabella compels Conversion in Castile—Instruction neglected 324 Persecution of the new Converts 328 Situation in Granada 331     Oppressive Edict of Philip II in 1567 334     Rebellion of the Moriscos

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">338     They are deported and scattered—their Prosperity 339 The Moors under the Crown of Aragon 342 Valencia—Coercive Baptism by the Germanía 346     Investigation as to its Extent and Character 348     Decision to enforce Adhesion to the Faith 351 Charles V gives all Moors the Alternative of Exile or Baptism—they submit 352 The Concordia of 1528 grants them Exemption from the Inquisition 357 The Inquisition disregards the Agreement 358 Fines substituted for Confiscation 360 Activity of the Inquisition—Case of Don Cosme Abenamir 362 Futile Efforts at Instruction and Conversion 365 Edicts of Grace—their Failure 371 Intermittent Trials of Moderation 373 Deplorable Condition of the Moriscos—Emigration forbidden 375 Questions as to Baptism, Marriage, Slaughtering Meat 380 Dangerous Discontent of the Moriscos 382 Ravages of Moorish Corsairs on the Coast 383 Plots with foreign Powers for a Rising 384 Plans to avert the Danger—Expulsion resolved on 388 Its execution in Valencia, September, 1609 393 Expulsion from Granada and Andalusia in January, 1610 398     simultaneously from Castile 399     from Aragon and Catalonia in May, 1610 401 Final rooting out of the Moriscos antiguos 403 Expulsion delayed in Murcia until January, 1614 404 Number and Fate of the Exiles 406 Squandering of the Confiscations 409 Chapter III—Protestantism. Exaggeration of the Protestant Movement in Spain 411 Pre-Reformation Freedom of Speech—Erasmus 412 First Efforts of Repression, in 1521 413 The Enchiridion of Erasmus—Persecution of Erasmists—of Catholics

align="right" valign="bottom">414 Protestant Foreigners 421 Native Protestants 423 Dr. Egidio and the Seville Protestants—the Protestant Propaganda 424 The Protestants of Valladolid—General Alarm exploited by Valdés 429 The Autos de fe of May 21, and October 8, 1559 437 Prosecutions in Seville—Autos of 1559, 1560, 1562, 1564 and 1565 442 Native Protestantism crushed—Dread of foreign Propaganda and Ideas 448 Few scattering cases of native Protestants 452 Prosecution of Foreigners for real or suspected Protestantism 457 Obstruction of commercial Intercourse—Treaties with England, Holland and France 462 Exclusion of Foreigners, except in the Army 472 Conversion of foreign Heretics 476 Chapter IV—Censorship. Censorship originally a Function of the State 480 The Lutheran Revolt leads the Inquisition to assume it in 1521 482 Papal power granted in 1539 482 Licences to print issued by the State—Books condemned by the Inquisition 483 The Index Librorum Prohibitorum or Expurgandorum 484 Examination of all Libraries and Book-shops 487 Savage law of Philip II in 1558 488 Use of the Edict of Faith and of the Confessional 490 Triviality of Expurgation 491 Divergence between the Inquisition and the Holy See 492 Successive Indexes—of Quiroga, Sandoval, Zapata, Sotomayor,
    Vidal Marin, Prado y Cuesta and the Indice Ultimo 493 Practice of Expurgating Books and Libraries—the Escorial 497 Vigilant Supervision over Book-shops and Libraries—Estates of the Dead 501 Supervision over Importations and internal Traffic 504 Impediments to Commerce and Culture 508 Precautions against Smuggling—Visitas de Navíos 510     Interference with Commerce—The Case of Bilbao

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">513     Become purely financial—Effort to revive them in 1819 519 Licences to read prohibited Books 521 Penalties for Disregard of the Censorship 525 Prohibition of vernacular Bibles 527 Various Abuses of Censorship 530 Quarrel with Rome over the Regalistas—The Inquisition secures its Independence 533 It turns against the Crown—Carlos III controls its Censorship 539 Censorship directed against the Revolution 542 Censorship of Morals and Art 545 Influence of Censorship 548 Appendix—Statistics of Offences and Penalties 551 Documents 555