The Project Gutenberg eBook, Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch, Edited by William Shepard Walsh
Title: Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch
Cartoons, Comments and Poems, Published in the London Charivari, During the American Civil War (1861-1865)
Editor: William Shepard Walsh
Release Date: November 19, 2011 [eBook #38056]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN
AND THE
LONDON PUNCH
THE AMERICAN JUGGERNAUT
[Punch: September 3, 1864]
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CARTOONS, COMMENTS AND POEMS, PUBLISHED
IN THE LONDON CHARIVARI, DURING THE
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)
EDITED BY
WILLIAM S. WALSH
Author of "A Handbook of Literary Curiosities," "Curiosities of
Popular Customs," "Faust, the Legend and the Poem," etc.
NEW YORK
MOFFAT, YARD AND COMPANY
1909
Copyright 1909, by
WILLIAM S. WALSH
New York
Published March 1909
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
The American Juggernaut Frontispiece [All illustrations are at end of text] PAGE Divorce A Vinculo 114 The American Difficulty 115 The American Gladiators 116 Naughty Jonathan 117 How they went to take Canada 118 A Family Quarrel 119 King Cotton Bound 120 The Genu-ine Othello 121 Over the Way 122 The Wilful Boy 123 Look out for Squalls 124 A Bad Case of Throwing Stones 125 Waiting for an Answer 126 A Likely Story 127 Columbia's Fix 128 Boxing Day 129 "Up a Tree" 130 Naughty Jonathan 131 Oberon and Titania 132 Peace 133 The New Orleans Plume 134 The "Sensation" Struggle in America 135 The Latest from America 136 One Good Turn Deserves Another 137 Lincoln's Two Dificulties 138 "Not upABRAHAM LINCOLN
AND THE
LONDON PUNCH
"Tell me what a man laughs at, and I will tell you what he is," was one of Goethe's pregnant apothegms.
Laughter, one of the chief lines of cleavage between man and beast, is one of the chief points of differentiation between man and man. From the good-natured banter which kins all the world to the envenomed sneer that sunders it, laughter runs the whole gamut of human emotions.
It is always sincere, even in its own despite. No subterfuge, when subterfuge underlies it, is more easily unmasked. A man may smile and smile and be a villain, but villainy by the seeing eye can be infallibly detected beneath the smile.
A counterfeit laugh may be uttered, as counterfeit coin is uttered, but it does not ring true. Its baseness reveals itself to more senses than one.
Now for more than sixty years the recognized organ of British laughter has been the London Punch. The contemporary mood of John Bull towards Brother Jonathan has always voiced itself through the grinning lips of this chartered jester.
It cannot be said that even before the outbreak of the Civil War Punch had shown itself friendly to America or Americans. Why should it? The British mob disliked us and flouted us. Punch as the mouthpiece of the mob, followed suit. In the original prospectus of that journal, issued in 1845, it was expressly announced that the paper was to be devoted in part to "Yankee yarns," to "the naturalization of those alien Jonathans whose adherence to the truth has forced them to emigrate from their native land." It would appear from this new crook-backed Daniel come to judgment, that Ananias and Autolycus were models of punctilious honesty and meticulous truthfulness compared with the average American.
Writing from Boston to Sir Edward Head, in 1854, George Ticknor said: "I am much struck with what you say about the ignorance that prevails in England, concerning this country and its institutions, and the mischief likely to spring from it. From Punch up to your leading statesmen, things are constantly said and done out of sheer misapprehension, or ignorance, that have for some time been breeding ill-will here, and are likely to breed more."
Up to, and even immediately after the war, Punch's sympathies professedly leaned towards the North, though it took occasion to lecture both sides from the standpoint of a disinterested and superior friend, who saw that neither side was absolutely and unconditionally right.
When the news of the secession of South Carolina reached England, in January, 1861, John Tenniel contributed a cartoon to the jester's pages entitled: "Divorce a Vinculo" with the explanatory subtitle "Mrs. Carolina asserts her rights to 'larrup' her nigger." Mrs. Carolina was represented as a vulgar virago holding a cat-o-nine tails in her right hand, and shaking her clenched left fist in the face of a serenely defiant youth, clad in a star-spangled shirt, to whom a little brat of a nigger appealed with clasped hands.
In the same number the following poem breathed a similar anti-secession sentiment.
SECESSION AND SLAVERY
Secede, ye Southern States, secede,
No better plan could be,
If you of niggers would be freed,
To set your niggers free.
Runaway slaves by federal law
At present you reclaim;
So from the Union straight withdraw
And play the Free Soil game.
What, when you've once the knot untied,
Will bind the Northern men?
And who'll resign to your cow-hide
The fugitives again?
Absquatulate, then, slick as grease,
And break up unity,
Or take your president in peace
And eat your humble pie.
But if your stomachs proud disdain
That salutary meal
And you, in passion worse than vain,
Must rend the commonweal,
Then all mankind will jest and scoff
At people in the case
Of him that hastily cut off
His nose to spite his face.
Later, Punch applauded that portion of Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural, which dealt with the question of secession.
THE COMMINUTED STATES
Who can say where Secession will stop? That is a question which is raised by Mr. Lincoln, in a part of his inaugural address, directed to enforce upon fools and madmen the necessity of acquiescence by minorities in the decision of majorities. The President tells the frantic portion of his fellow countrymen that:—
"There is no alternative for continuing the Government but acquiescence on one side or the other. If a minority in such a case will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by such a minority. For instance, why may not any portion of a new confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this."
The force of this simple reasoning will be seen by the lunatics to whom it is addressed, during their lucid intervals, if they have any. It may even be hoped that some of them may recover the use of their reflecting faculties so far as to be enabled to follow out President Lincoln's argument, and their own folly, into ultimate consequences and conclusions. Then they will see what is likely to be the end of Secession, for it is not quite true that there is no end to Secession, and the end of Secession will be for the Secessionists an end of everything. Seceders will go on seceding and subseceding, until at last every citizen will secede from every other citizen, and each individual will be a sovereign state in himself, self-government personified, a walking autonomy, a lone star, doing business and supporting itself off its own hook.
When the seceding states were in search of a name, Punch suggested that of Slaveownia, and when at the convention held February 9, 1861, at Montgomery, Alabama, they adopted the title of the Confederate States of America, Punch reopened his battery in this fashion:
"The Southern Secessionists must be admitted to be blessed with at least the philosophical virtue of self-knowledge. They term this new league the 'Confederate States of America'; thus they call themselves by what they doubtless feel to be their right name. They are confederates in the crime of upholding slavery. A correct estimate of their moral position is manifest in that distinctive denomination of theirs, 'Confederate States.' This title is a beautiful antithesis to that of the United States of America. The more doggedly confederate slave mongers combine, the more firmly good republicans should unite."
Once more when reviewing Jefferson Davis' message to the Confederate Congress, Punch recognized that slavery was really the bone of contention between the two sections:
THE JUST AND HOLY CAUSE OF SLAVERY
"We feel," says President Jefferson Davis, in his Message to the Secessional Congress, "that our cause is just and holy." Could not the negroes of the Southern States, if they rose against their masters, say just as much, with at least equal justice, for their own insurrection? The less Mr Davis says about justice and holiness the better, if he does not want to preach a dangerous doctrine, besides being considered a humbug. "Dash holiness, and justice be blanked!" is the consistent language for Mr. Jefferson Davis. "Might is right; we expect to thrash the Northerners; and the Institution of Slavery for ever!"
Again, when General Beauregard declared in a proclamation to the South that "unborn generations would arise and call them blessed," Punch declared that the reporters, with their proverbial inaccuracy, had omitted the concluding word "rascals."
Yet even now, it appealed to both sections to restrain their hands from flying at each other's throats:
ODE TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH
O Jonathan and Jefferson,
Come listen to my song;
I can't decide, my word upon,
Which of you is most wrong.
I do declare I am afraid
To say which worse behaves,
The North, imposing bonds on Trade,
Or South, that Man enslaves.
And here you are about to fight,
And wage intestine war,
Not either of you in the right:
What simpletons you are!
Too late your madness you will see,
And when your passion cools,
"Snakes!" you will bellow, "How could we
Have been such 'tarnal fools!"
One thing is certain; that if you
Blow out each other's brains,
'Twill be apparent what a few
Each blockhead's skull contains.
You'll have just nothing for your cost,
To show, when all is done.
Greatness and glory you'll have lost;
And not a dollar won.
Oh, joined to us by blood, and by
The bond of kindred
And further, by the special tie
Of slang, bound each to each,
All-fired gonies, softhorn'd pair,
Each other will you lick?
You everlastin' dolts, forbear!
Throw down your arms right slick.
You'll chaw each other up, you two,
Like those Kilkenny cats,
When they had better things to do,
Improvin' off the rats.
Now come, shake hands, together jog
On friendly yet once more;
Whip one another not: and flog
Creation, as before!
Still again, Punch showed good feeling in admonishing Lord Palmerston, after firing on Sumter, to keep Great Britain neutral.
"Well Pam," says Mr. Punch to his workman, "of course I shall keep you on, but you must stick to peace-work."
Nor could the North object to the cartoon, in May, 1861, in which Lincoln made his first appearance in Punch. The face, faithfully limned from the early beardless photographs, represented him as a man of clean-cut intelligent features,—in marked contrast to the bearded ruffian, a repulsive compound of malice, vulgarity and cunning which John Tenniel's pencil subsequently delighted to give to the world as a counterfeit presentment of the President of the United States.
In this first picture Lincoln is represented as poking the fire and filling the room with particles of soot, saying with downcast look:
"What a nice White House it would be, if it were not for the blacks."
Nevertheless, the poem with which Punch greeted the news of the fall of Fort Sumter was not calculated to arouse kindly sentiments in the North.
INK, BLOOD AND TEARS
(THE TAKING OF FORT SUMTER.)
A Forty hours' bombardment! Great guns throwing
Their iron hail: shells their mad mines exploding:
Furnaces lighted: shot at red-heat glowing:
Shore-battr'ies and fort-armament, firing, loading—
War's visible hell let loose for forty hours,
And all her devils free to use their powers—
And yet not one man hit, her flag when Sumter lowers.
"Oh, here's a theme!" quoth Punch, of brag abhorrent,
"'Twixt promise and performance rare proportion!
This show-cloth, of live lions, giving warrant,
Masking some mangy, stunted, stuffed abortion:
These gorgeous covers hiding empty dishes,
These whale-like antics among little fishes—
Here is the very stuff to meet my dearest wishes.
What ringing of each change on brag and bluster!
These figures huge of speech, summed in a zero:
This war-march, ushering in Bombastes' muster:
This entry of Tom Thumb, armed like a hero.
Of all great cries e'er raised o'er little wool,
Of all big bubbles by fools' breath filled full,
Sure here's the greatest yet, and emptiest, for John Bull!
John always thought Jonathan, his young brother,
A little of a bully; said he swaggered:
But in all change of chaff with one another,
Nor John nor Jonathan was e'er called 'laggard.'
But now, if John mayn't Jonathan style 'coward,'
He may hint Stripes and Stars were better lowered
From that tall height to which, till now, their flag-staff towered."
Punch nibbed his pen, all jubilant, for galling—
When suddenly a weight weighed down the feather,
And a red liquid, drop by drop, slow falling,
Came from the nib; and the drops rolled together,
And steamed and smoked and sung—"Not ink, but blood;
Drops now, but soon to swell into a flood,
Perchance e'er Summer's leaf has burst Spring's guarding bud.
Blood by a brother's hand drawn from a brother—
And they by whom 'tis ta'en, by whom 'tis given,
Are both the children of an English mother;
Once with that mother, in her wrath, they've striven:
Was't not enough, that parricidal jar,
But they must now meet in fraternal war?
If such strife draw no blood shall England scoff therefore?
If she will laugh, through thee, her chartered wit,
Use thou no ink wherewith to pen thy scoff:
We'll find a liquor for thy pen more fit—
We blood drops—see how smartly thou'lt round off
Point, pun and paragraph in this new way:
Till men shall read and laugh, and, laughing, say,
'Well thrust! Punch is in vein: 'tis his red-letter day.'"
The weight sat on my quill: I could not write;
The red drops lustered to my pen—in vain;
I had my theme—"Brothers that meet in fight,
Yet shed no blood!"—my jesting mood turned pain.
I thought of all that civil love endears,
That civil strife breaks up and rends and sears,
And lo! the blood-drops in my pen were changed to tears!
And for the hoarse tongues that those bloody gouts
Had found, or seemed to find, upon my ears
Came up a gentle song in linkèd bouts,
Of long-drawn sweetness—pity breathed through tears.
And thus they sang—"'Twas not by chance,
Still less by fraud or fear,
That Sumter's battle came and closed,
Nor cost the world a tear."
It was the Southern victory of Bull Run and the Northern policy of blockade that finally and definitely changed the attitude of England and of Punch. The victory gave hopes that the Confederates might be successful in overturning a hated and dreaded republic; the blockade aroused fears that the pocket of the British manufacturer might be damaged. All pretence of love for the negro was swallowed up by these more potent and more personal emotions.
On November 2, 1861, in a cartoon and an accompanying poem Punch sought to put its commercial anxiety on an altruistic plane. Here is the poem:
KING COTTON BOUND; OR, THE NEW PROMETHEUS.
Far across Atlantic waters
Groans in chains a Giant King;
Like to him, whom Ocean's daughters
Wail around in mournful ring,
In the grand old Grecian strains
Of Prometheus in his chains!
Needs but Fancy's pencil pliant
Both to paint till both agree;
For King Cotton is a giant,
As Prometheus claimed to be.
Each gave blessings unto men,
Each dishonour reaped again.
From the gods to sons of clay
If Prometheus brought the flame,
Who King Cotton can gainsay,
Should he equal honour claim?
Fire and life to millions giving,
That, without him, had no living.
And if they are one in blessing,
So in suffering they are one;
Freeze in frost and scorch in sun:
That, upon his mountain chain,
This, upon his parching plain.
Nor the wild bird's self is wanting—
Either giant's torment sore;
If Prometheus writhed, while panting
Heart and lungs the vulture tore,
So Columbia's eagle fierce,
Doth King Cotton's vitals pierce.
On those wings so widely sweeping
In its poise the bird to keep,
See, if you can see for weeping.
"North" and "South" are branded deep—
On the beak all reeking red,
On the talons blood-bespread!
But 'tis not
Of the wound that rends his side,
Makes this fettered giant languish,
As the thought how once, in pride,
That great eagle took its stand,
Gently on his giant hand!
How to it the meat he'd carry
In its mew to feed secure;
How he'd fling it on the quarry,
How recall it to the lure,
Make it stoop, to his caresses,
Hooded neck and jingling jesses.
And another thought is pressing,
Like hot iron on his brain—
Millions that would fain be blessing,
Ban, e'en now, King Cotton's name.
Oh, that here those hands are bound,
Which should scatter wealth around!
"Not this Eagle's screaming smothers
That sad sound across the sea—
Wailing babes and weeping mothers,
Wailing, weeping, wanting me.
Hands that I would fain employ,
Hearts that I would fill with joy!
"I must writhe—a giant fettered,—
While those millions peak and pine;
By my wealth their lot unbettered,
And their suffering worse than mine.
For they know that I would fain
Help their need, were't not my chain!
"But I know not where to turn me
For relief from bonds and woe;
Frosts may pinch and suns may burn me,
But for rescue—none I know,
Save the millions I have fed,
Should they rise for lack of bread—
"Saying, 'We will brook no longer,
That King Cotton bound should be:
Be his gaolers strong, we're stronger,
In our hunger o'er sea—
More for want, than love, uprisen,
We are come to break his prison!'
"Welcome even such releasing,
Fain my work I'd be about:
Soon would want and wail be ceasing,
Were King Cotton once let out—
Though all torn and faint and bleeding,
Millions still I've strength for feeding."
Then came an episode which did for the moment set John Bull and Punch on a nobler basis. All during the Trent affair—when the United States was obviously wrong in arresting the Confederate Commissioners, Mason and Slidell, on board an English ship—the Tenniel cartoons rose to the higher level of just indignation.
Even now, however, Punch was unable or unwilling to see the magnanimity of Abraham Lincoln's apology for an error not his own.
This was all the more unjust because Punch was both able and willing to discriminate between the level-headed men of the North and the jingoes, as this extract will show.
OUR DEAR BROTHER JONATHAN
This delightful ebullition of fervent brotherly love has most fittingly appeared in a Philadelphia paper:—
"It may be, in view of all these grave considerations and the sad necessities of the case, that, in order to avoid a war which could only end in our discomfiture, the Administration may be compelled to concede the demands of England, and perhaps release Messrs. Mason and Slidell. God forbid!—but in a crisis like this we must adapt ourselves to stern circumstances, and yield every feeling of pride to maintain our existence. If this contingency should ever arise—and I am only speculating upon a disagreeable possibility—then let us swear, not only to ourselves but our children who come after us, to repay this greedy, insolent, and cowardly Power with the retribution of a just and fearful vengeance. If England in our time of distress makes herself our foe, and offers to be our assassin, we will treat her as a foe when we can do so untrammeled and unmenaced by another enemy."
"Greedy, insolent, and cowardly," these are nice fraternal terms; and what a truly loving spirit is evinced by swearing "fearful vengeance" upon the "assassin," and handing to posterity the keeping of the oath!
No whit less affectionate in feeling is what follows:—
"If we do concede the demands of England, however, it will only be because we desire to crush this rebellion, as a duty we owe to mankind. It will be because we prefer to master the great evil, and do not wish to be alienated from our duty by an international and comparatively unimportant quarrel; it will be because we prefer national salvation to the gratification of any feeling of national pride. It will be a great act of self-denial. But when we come from this rebellion it will be with a magnificent army, educated and organised, and with the sense of this wrong weighing upon them. It will be with a navy competent to meet any navy upon the globe. It will be for us then to remember how England was our enemy in the day of our misfortune, and to make that remembrance a dark and fearful page of her history, and an eternal memory of our own."
That these are the opinions of most people in America nobody on this side of the Atlantic will believe. But that there are roughs and rowdies in the States, who as they have nothing they can lose by war are always full of bluster and warlike in their talk, this may any one in England very easily conceive. Of course it is to please them that such stuff as we have quoted is stuck in Yankee newspapers; and our sole surprise is that the journals which admit it find it pays them so to do. The rowdies as a rule are not overflushed with wealth and can ill afford to spend their coppers upon literature, which, the chances are, they scarcely would know how to read.
For the benefit of the American jingoes Punch on December 7th, issued the following warning, with an appropriate cartoon:
A WARNING TO JONATHAN;
OR, "DOTH HE WAG HIS TAIL?"
Jonathan, Jonathan, 'ware of the Lion:
He's patient, he's placable, slow to take fire:
There are tricks which in safety a puppy might try on,
But from dogs of his own size they waken his ire.
With your bounce and your bunkum you've pelted him often,
Good humoured he laughed as the missiles flew by,
Hard words you've employed, which he ne'er bid you soften,
As knowing your tallest of talk all my eye.
When you blustered he still was content with pooh-poohing,
When you flared up he just let the shavings burn out:
He knew you were fonder of talking than doing,
And Lions for trifles don't put themselves out.
But beware how you tempt even leonine patience,
Or presume the old strength has forsaken his paw:
He's proud to admit you and he are relations,
But even relations may take too much law.
If there's one thing he values, 'tis right of asylum;
Safe who rests 'neath the guard of the Lion must be:
In that shelter the hard-hunted fugitive whilome
Must be able to sleep the deep sleep of the free.
Then think twice, and think well, ere from guard of the Lion
Those who seek his protection you try to withdraw:
Though Stowell and Wheaten and Kent you rely on,
There are points on which Lions won't listen to jaw.
Remember in time the old tale of the showman,
Who his head in the mouth of the Lion would sheath,
Till with lengthened impunity, bold as a Roman,
He seemed to forget that the Lion had teeth.
But the time came at last, when all risks madly scorning,
He went just too far down that road rough and red,
When, with only one wag of his tail for a warning,
Snap went Leo's jaws, and off went Barnum's head!
This
Two amusing bits of doggerel appeared in the same number, one representing the British nation's view of the international episode.
MRS. DURDEN ON THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY
"Them there nasty good-for-nothing Yankees!" cried old Mrs. Durden,
"Worrits me to that degree, it makes my life almost a burden.
Board our mail and seize our passengers, the ribbles! Goodness, gracious!
Like their imperence to be sure; 'tis that what makes 'em so owdacious.
"What next now I wonder, Captain?" Answer Captain Skipper made,
"Well Ma'am, our next move, I fancy, will be breaking their blockade."
"Blockhead! Ah!" exclaimed the lady. "Truer word was never spoken.
Drat the blockheads, all says I; may every head on 'em be broken!"
The other is a bit of broad fun, in mockery of the profuse volumes of smoke and sound which were emitted by Yankee fire-eaters.
A VOICE FROM WASHINGTON
From our Special Correspondent
We Yankees ain't given to brag;
John Bull, we expect, has no notion
Of going to war; but his flag
If he does, we shall sweep from the ocean
And when the old vagabond lies
In a state of teetotal prostration,
Old Ireland in glory will rise,
Independence to win as a nation.
Our breadstuffs from England kept back,
The sequel must be destitution.
Her famishing millions, in lack
Of food, will force on revolution.
Victoria will have to retire;
Aristocracy, friends of Secession
Will be hurled down, and trod in the mire;
No more for to practise oppression.
Rebellion we'll bring to an end,
The slaves 'mongst our heroes dividing,
Or arms to the niggers we'll lend,
To give their darned masters a hiding.
Work up all our cotton at home,
Let not one more bale be exported,
Have the world at our feet, like old Rome,
By the kings of the airth as was courted.
Want money? I reckon not we;
A national debt we'll create,
Twice as heavy as yourn, which will be,
For Samsons like we air, no weight.
On Government bonds we shall borrow
Any money in Europe with ease.
Why London and Paris, to-morrow
Will lend us as much as we please.
Foreign goods we shall purchase with paper,
Which let foreign usurers hold;
The British may swagger and vapour,
At home whilst we keep all our gold.
As Belmont to Seward has written,
Any stock may in Europe be "placed,"
And the chance, if the Rothschilds ain't bitten,
Will be by the Barings embraced
We've twice before whipped all creation,
We've now got to whip it again.
We air a remarkable nation
Of modest, but resolute men.
John Bull, then, allow us to kick you,
And don't go resenting the act,
Or into a cocked hat we'll lick you,
Yes, Sir-ree, you old hoss, that's a fact.
The manly and tactful apology which represented the feeling of the better sort of folk in America, and which was wrung from a reluctant cabinet by Abraham Lincoln, softened for a moment the asperity of our old antagonist. The following rather amiable verses were written in anticipation of the amicable settlement which already (January 11, 1862), seemed probable:
A FAIR OFFER FROM JOHN BULL TO MISS COLUMBIA