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Copyright 1914
BY
EUGENE CHRISTIAN

Entered at
Stationers Hall, London
September, 1914

BY

EUGENE CHRISTIAN, F. S. D.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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Published August, 1914

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TO THE

MOTHERS

AND TO THE NOBLE WORKERS
IN THE GREAT CAUSE OF HUMAN HEALTH
AND OF HUMAN SUFFERING
THESE VOLUMES ARE

Dedicated

BY

THE AUTHOR

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PREFACE

Countless centuries have come and gone and have left on the earth myriad forms of life; but just what life is, from whence it came, whether or not there is purpose or design behind it, whether or not all the sacred books are mere conceptions of the infant mind, of the whence and whither, we do not know; but when we put life beneath the searchlight of science, we do know that it is a mere assembling of ionic matter into organic forms, and that this strange work is done in accordance with certain well-defined laws.

We know that these laws are a part of the great cosmic scheme. In harmony with them works evolution, which tends to lift to higher and higher degrees of perfection all forms of both animate and inanimate life. We believe that if all the natural laws governing life could be ascertained and obeyed, the number of disorders or interferences with Nature's scheme would be very greatly decreased.

Man's system of co-operating with his fellow-creatures, which we call civilization, has imposed certain restrictions, duties and limitations upon him, which make it impossible for him to live in strict accordance with these laws; therefore if he would have his birthright, which is health, he must employ science to fit him into his artificial environment.

Man has been brought to his present state of physical development on the rural, outdoor, close-to-nature plan, and since he must live in houses and pursue occupations foreign to those through which he was developed, he must make corresponding changes in the material from which his body is constantly being repaired and made; therefore, as the selections, combinations, and proportions of the various things he needs for nourishment are determined by his age, activity, and exposure to the open air, if he accurately or even approximately ascertains and observes these things, life will continually ascend in the scale of power and grandeur, and his endurance and period of longevity will be increased.

Nearly all forms of life on this globe, except man, live approximately eight times their period of maturity. Man matures at twenty-four; measured by this scale he should live about two hundred years. But the average life of civilized man, reckoning from the age of six, is only about forty years, while if we include the infant class, and reckon the average age from his birth, he scarcely gets his growth before his hair and teeth are disappearing, and his eyesight is being propped up by the lens of the oculist, and he quietly drops into his grave. One hundred and sixty years of life, then, is about what civilization has cost him up to date. This is very expensive, but of course he has something to show for it. He has aeroplanes, wireless communication, the mile-a-minute train, politics, several kinds of religion, rum and cocain, the tramp, the billionaire, and the bread line.

We cannot consistently leap over ten thousand years of heredity and habit, but we can recover some part of the one hundred and sixty years of life civilization has cost us. This can be done by feeding our bodies according to their requirements determined by age, temperature of environment, and work or activity; by cultivating mental tranquillity; by loving some one besides ourselves, and proving it; by breathing an abundance of fresh air, and by doing useful work. Of all these things food is the most important because it is the raw material that builds the temple wherein all other things dwell.

Civilization and science are doing but little real good for man if they cannot select for him the material necessary to develop his body and all its faculties to their highest degree, or at least free him from much of his disease and materially increase his "ease"; they have brought him but little, I say, if they cannot show him a way to live more than forty years. Science would have nothing of which to boast if it only pointed out a way by which man could exist for two hundred years, as this is his birthright. It can only boast when it has given him more than his natural heritage.

That man's general health and period of longevity have decreased, while all other branches of science have so vastly increased, is evidence sufficient to justify the assertion that he has not employed scientific methods to the art of living, or at least to those fundamental principles, such as nutrition, motion, and oxidation, which really govern his health and his life.

The difference between youth and age, between virility and senility, is in reality a chemical difference only. The difference between the flexible cartilage of youth, and the stiff cartilage of age is one of chemistry.

If, by the process of metabolism, the muscles, bones, tissues, and brain-cells can be made to multiply and to reproduce themselves at eighteen, it seems only logical that science should give us the secret by which this same thing could be done at eighty, and if at eighty, why not at a hundred and eighty? It is by no means extravagant to say that if science can teach us the actual demands of the body under the varied conditions of age, climate, and activity, and the means of supplying these demands with only such food elements as are needed, life can be prolonged to what seems to be our natural period of years.

Consider the human body as a machine that possesses the power of converting fuel or food into energy, using or expending that energy at will, reproducing itself piece by piece from the same fuel, and casting out the debris and ashes—if all this is done by the body automatically, and its power to act or to do these things depends so completely upon the fuel or the material with which the body has to work, then the question of the kind of fuel, the quantity, how to select it, how to combine it, how to proportion it,

becomes at once the most important problem within the scope of human learning.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK

When we compare man's longevity with other forms of life, and consider that he breathes the same air, drinks the same water, lives under the same sunshine, and that he differs from them chiefly in his habits of eating, the conviction is forced upon us that in his food is found the secret, or the causes of most of his physical ills and his shortened life. All elements composing the human body are well known. Its daily needs are matters of common knowledge. Science has separated the human body into all its various chemical elements or parts, and weighed and named them; it has also analyzed and separated his food or fuel into its various chemical elements or parts, and named these. It would seem, therefore, a most logical step to unite these two branches of science, and to give to the world the dual science of Physio-food Chemistry, or, what I have named Applied Food Chemistry.

The sciences of physiological chemistry and of food chemistry can be made useful only by uniting them—putting them together—fitting one into the other for the betterment of the human species. These two branches of science can be of use in no other possible way except by ascertaining the demands of the human body through physiological chemistry, and by learning how to supply these demands through the science of food chemistry. In the union of these hitherto separate branches of science I can see the most useful, the most important, and the most powerful department of human knowledge. It is this union that these volumes are designed to make.

The Author.
New York, August, 1914.

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CONTENTS

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Volume I

class="c6">Uses of Water in the Body 53 Nitrogen and Nitrogen Compounds 58 Chlorin 63 Hydrochloric Acid 64 Acids, Bases, Neutralization, Salts 68 Principles of Neutralizing Alkalies 71 Fluorin, Bromin, Iodin 73 Mineral Sulfur 73 Vegetable Sulfur in the Human Body 75 Metals 76   Lesson III   Organic Chemistry 79 Carbon 81 Inorganic Carbon Compounds 83 Carbon Dioxid 83 Relation of Carbon Dioxid to Life  85 Carbon Monoxid 86 Organic Carbon Compounds 87 Classification of Organic Carbon Compounds: a Hydrocarbons 89 b Alcohols 91 c Glycerin 92 d Aldehydes and Ethers 93 e Organic Acids 94 Organic Nitrogenous Compounds 99   Lesson IV   Chemistry of Foods 103 Carbohydrates 107 Classification of Carbohydrates 108 a Monosaccharids 109 b Disaccharids 112 c Polysaccharids 114 Fats and

Oils 122 Proteids or Nitrogenous Food Substances  125 Mineral Salts in Food 131   Lesson V   Chemistry of Digestion 135 Digestive Organs and Digestive Juices 137 Saliva 142 Gastric Juice 144 Composition of the Gastric Juice 147 Bile 153 Pancreatic Juice 153 Intestinal Juices 157 The Secretion of Digestive Juices 158 Abnormal Chemical Changes in the Digestive Organs  165 The Decomposition of Food 173 Digestive Experiments 175 Mechanics of Digestion 180 The Muscular Movement of Digestive Organs 187   Lesson VI   Chemistry of Metabolism 191 The Building of Actual Body-tissue 195 The Generation of Heat and Energy 197 The Measure of Human Energy 199 Metabolism of Carbohydrates 202 Metabolism of Fat 205 Metabolism of Proteids 209 The Use of Proteids in the Body 210 The Action and the Composition of Proteids  213 Food Standards 217 True Food Requirements 226   Lesson VII   Foods of Animal Origin

233 Meat 250 1 Flesh or Lean Meat 250 2 Animal Fats 254 Cold Storage of Meat 256 Contagious Dis-eases and Animal Food  258 Fish 260 Poultry as an Article of Food 262 Effects of Feeding Poultry 265 Eggs 269 Milk 273 The Adulteration of Milk 279 Milk Pasteurization 280 Cheese 282 Butter 283 Oleomargarin 285

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Volume II

and Correct Treatment  379   Lesson XI   Common Disorders—Their Cause and Correction   403 Health and Dis-ease Defined 405 Overeating 413 Superacidity 418 The Cause 420 The Symptoms 421 The Remedy 423 Fermentation (Superacidity) 424 The Cause 425 The Symptoms 426 The Remedy 428 Gas Dilatation 431 The Symptoms 432 Importance of Water-drinking 434 Constipation 434 The Cause 434 The Remedy 436 Foods that May Be Substituted for One Another 439 Constipating and Laxative Foods 446 Constipating and Laxative Beverages 446 Gastritis 447 The Cause 449 The Symptoms 449 The Remedy 450 Nervous Indigestion 453 The Cause 454 The Symptoms 455 The Remedy 458 Subacidity 460 The Cause 461 The Symptoms 462 The Remedy 463 Biliousness 465 The Cause 466 The Symptoms 466 The Remedy 466 Cirrhosis of the Liver 467 The Cause 467 The Symptoms 468 The Treatment 469 Piles or Hemorrhoids 471 The Cause 471 The Symptoms 472 The Treatment 472 Diarrhea 474 The Cause 474 The Treatment 476 Emaciation or Underweight 477 The Cause 478 The Symptoms 481 The Remedy 482 Obesity or Overweight 491 The Cause 493 The Remedy 495 Neurasthenia 503 The Cause 505 The Symptoms 506 The Remedy 506 Malnutrition 511 Cause and Remedy 511 Locomotor Ataxia 511 The Cause 511 The Symptoms 514 The Remedy 515 Colds, Catarrh, Hay Fever, Asthma, Influenza 519 Colds—The Cause 520 The Symptoms 521 The Remedy 523 Catarrh—The Cause 527 The Symptoms 528 The Remedy 528 Hay Fever—The Cause 530 The Symptoms 531 The Remedy 531 Asthma—The Cause 533 The Symptoms 533 The Remedy 534 Influenza—The Cause 536 The Symptoms 537 The Remedy 537 Insomnia 538 The Cause 538 The Remedy 539

Rheumatism—Gout 543 Rheumatism—The Cause 544 The Symptoms 545 Gout—The Cause 546 The Symptoms 547 Rheumatism, Gout—The Remedy 547 Bright's Dis-ease 550 The Cause 551 The Symptoms 551 The Remedy 552 Diabetes 556 The Cause 556 The Symptoms 557 The Remedy 557 Consumption 560 The Treatment 564 Heart Trouble 569 The Cause 571 The Remedy 573 Dis-eases of the Skin 574 The Cause 575 The Treatment 578 Appendicitis 580 The Symptoms 582 The Treatment 583 Chronic or Severe Cases of Appendicitis 586

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Volume III