ENGLISH PAINTERS

BY H. J. WILMOT-BUXTON, M.A.

WITH A CHAPTER ON

AMERICAN PAINTERS

BY S. R. KOEHLER



LONDON
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON
CROWN BUILDINGS, FLEET STREET
1883



(All rights reserved.)

PREFACE.

THIS brief sketch of the rise and progress of Painting in England has been drawn from a variety of sources. The little that can be traced of artistic work previous to the end of the fifteenth century does not fill many pages. Ignorance, carelessness, and "iconoclastic rage" all contributed to the defacement of paintings which we have every reason to believe at one time abounded in our churches and public buildings, as they did at the same period in Italy; and there is good evidence that some of our early English artists are not to be despised.

Our forefathers were too much engaged in the rough contests of war to care much for the arts of peace. In the sixteenth century several foreign artists of more or less celebrity were induced to visit and stay in England. Foremost of these was Holbein, and to his example English artists are deeply indebted. In the next century there were a few excellent miniature painters, whose work is not to be surpassed at the present day, and then came a succession of foreigners—Rubens and Van Dyck from Flanders, Lely and Kneller from Germany, and a host of lesser men, who seem to have in a great measure monopolized portrait painting—then in vogue among the nobility—for more than a hundred years.

Early in the eighteenth century came Hogarth, followed by Reynolds, Gainsborough and Romney, and from that time to the present, Art has year by year progressed, till now English Painters have become a recognised power in the state, and contribute, in no small degree, to the enlightenment, pleasure and refinement of the age.

H.J.W.-B.

November, 1882.

CONTENTS.

PAINTING IN ENGLAND. I. PAGE Early English Art 1 II. English Art in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 9 III. English Art in the Eighteenth Century—William Hogarth 36 IV. The Royal Academy and its influence 44 V. The Progress of English Art in the Eighteenth Century 60 VI. Book Illustrators—Miniature Painters 85 VII. Painters in Water Colours 100 VIII. English Art in the Nineteenth Century—Sir Thomas Lawrence
and his contemporaries 116 IX. Landscape Painters 127 X. Historic Painters 148 XI. Subject Painters

class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">163 ———— PAINTING IN AMERICA. Introduction 187 First, or Colonial Period 190 Second, or Revolutionary Period 195 Third Period, or Period of Inner Development 201 Fourth, or Present Period 217 INDEX OF NAMES 223

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. The Valley Farm Constable Frontispiece PAGE 2. Age of Innocence Reynolds xiv 3. From St. Ethelwold's Benedictional Godeman 3 4. Arthur, Prince of Wales (Miniature)   7 5. Henry, Prince of Wales (Miniature)   10 6. Nicolas Kratzer Holbein 12 7. Edward, Prince of Wales (Miniature) Holbein 14 8. A Dutch Gentleman More 18 9. Countess of Pembroke Hilliard(?) 21 10. Sir Philip Sidney (Miniature) Isaac Oliver 23 11. James I. (Miniature) Hoskins

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@39265@[email protected]#page_024" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">24 12. Countess of Devonshire Van Dyck 27 13. Oliver Cromwell Lely 29 14. Grinling Gibbons Kneller 33 15. William Hogarth and his Dog Trump Hogarth 39 16. Morning Wilson 49 17. Mrs. Bradyll Reynolds 53 18. Mrs. Siddons Gainsborough 57 19. Titania and Bottom Fuseli 63 20. Death of Wolfe West 65 21. Death of Major Peirson Copley 68 22. Mercury inventing the Lyre Barry 70 23. Marquis of Stafford Romney 73 24. Charity Northcote 77 25. The Watering-Place Morland 82 26. From Dante's Inferno Blake 86 27. The Dream Stothard 88 28. The Portrait Smirke 90 29.

class="smcap">The Woodcock Bewick 92 30. Tail-piece Bewick 93 31. Morning Walk Chalon 98 32. Evening Turner 106 33. The Tomb of the Scaligers at Verona Prout 109 34. Berncastle, on the Moselle Harding 111 35. The View from Richmond Hill De Wint 113 36. Old English Hospitality Cattermole 115 37. Master Lambton Lawrence 118 38. Trial of Queen Catherine Harlow 122 39. Swiss Peasant Girl Howard 124 40. The Grand Canal, Venice Turner 128 41. Trent in Tyrol Callcott 132 42. The Fisherman's Departure Collins 134 43. St. Gomer, Brussels Roberts 136 44. Francis I. and his Sister Bonington 138 45. Belshazzar's Feast Martin 140 46. Terminati Marina Stanfield 144

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@39265@[email protected]#ill_047" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">47. The Pleasant Way Home Creswick 146 48. The Rape of Europa Hilton 149 49. The Dangerous Playmate Etty 153 50. Greek Fugitives Eastlake 155 51. Joash shooting the Arrows of Deliverance Dyce 157 52. Harold presents himself to Edward the Confessor Maclise 159 53. The Maid of Saragossa Wilkie 165 54. Choosing the Wedding Gown Mulready 168 55. Sancho Panza and the Duchess Leslie 171 56. Captain Macheath Newton 174 57. Peace Landseer 177 58. The Arab Scribe Lewis 181 59. Our Village Walker 183 60. Death on the Pale Horse West 194 61. General Knox Stuart 196 62. Death of Montgomery in the Attack of Quebec Trumbull 198 63. Jeremiah and the Scribe Allston 203 64. A Surprise Mount

valign="bottom">210 65. Desolation Cole 214 66. Noon by the Sea-Shore—Beverly Beach Kensett 216 67. Sunset on the Hudson Gifford 218 68. Lambs on the Mountain-side Hunt 220

Age of Innocence. By Sir J. Reynolds.
In the National Gallery.

PAINTING IN ENGLAND.
———
BY H. J. WILMOT-BUXTON.