Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Plates Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76, Vol. XVIII

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Title: Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Plates

Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76, Vol. XVIII

Author: Ernst Haeckel

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REPORT

ON THE

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

OF THE

VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER

DURING THE YEARS 1873-76

UNDER THE COMMAND OF

Captain GEORGE S. NARES, R.N., F.R.S

AND THE LATE

Captain FRANK TOURLE THOMSON, R.N

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

THE LATE

Sir C. WYVILLE THOMSON, Knt., F.R.S., &c

REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

DIRECTOR OF THE CIVILIAN SCIENTIFIC STAFF ON BOARD

AND NOW OF

JOHN MURRAY

ONE OF THE NATURALISTS OF THE EXPEDITION

Zoology—Vol. XVIII.

PLATES

Published by Order of Her Majesty's Government

 

 

PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

AND SOLD BY

LONDON:—EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET, FETTER LANE

EDINBURGH:—ADAM & CHARLES BLACK

DUBLIN:—HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO

1887

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Price (in Two Parts, with a Volume of Plates) £5, 10s.

CONTENTS.

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Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876.

By Ernst Haeckel, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Zoology in the University of Jena.

PLATES.

CONTENTS.

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  PLATES 1-50. SPUMELLARIA.   " 51-98. NASSELLARIA. " 99-128. PHÆODARIA. " 129-140. ACANTHARIA. MAP, showing the Geographical Distribution of the Radiolaria.

PLATE 1.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family Thalassicollida.

PLATE 1. Thalassicollida. Diam.

class="smaller ar">Page.

Fig. 1. Actissa princeps, n. sp.,

× 300 13 The entire living Spumellarium. c, The spherical central capsule containing finely granulated protoplasm, which is radially striated in the cortical zone; v, spherical vacuoles enclosed by the protoplasm; n, the spherical nucleus in the centre; l, the concentric nucleolus; f, the radial pseudopodia which pierce the calymma or the (yellowish) jelly-envelope of the central capsule and arise from the granular sarcomatrix. Fig. 1a. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, in which the original central nucleus is cleft into numerous small nuclei, × 400 Fig. 1b. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, filled up by flagellate spores, × 400 Fig. 1c. Eight isolated flagellate spores, × 800 Fig. 2. Thalassolampe maxima, n. sp., × 8 17 The entire living Spumellarium. c, The big spherical central capsule; a, the large alveoles filling the central capsule and surrounding a central nucleus; f, the pseudopodia piercing the extracapsular calymma. Fig. 2a. The nucleus alone, with numerous nucleoli, × 30 Fig. 3. Thalassopila cladococcus, n. sp., × 20 17 c, The big central capsule; a, numerous large alveoles contained in the central capsule; k, oil globules, many of which are placed in the radially striped cortical zone; the nucleus placed centrally, is covered with numerous radial apophyses or cæcal sacs. f, The radially striped calymma. Fig. 4. Thalassicolla maculata, n. sp., × 100 21 c, The central capsule; v, vacuoles filling this capsule; n, the central nucleus; l, the concentric nucleolus; g, the voluminous calymma, a small radial piece of which is only represented; a, the large alveoles; b, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; p, black pigment in the inner zone; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone. Fig. 4a. An exoplasmatic body, × 300 Fig. 4b, Vacuoles in the endoplasm, × 300 Fig. 5. Thalassicolla melacapsa, n. sp., × 300 21 n, The large nucleus; l, numerous small nucleoli inside the nucleus; v, the vacuoles filling up the central capsule and separated by black pigment; a, large alveoles in the calymma; k, oil globules; b, exoplasmatic bodies; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone of the calymma. Fig. 5a. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell, × 600 Fig. 5b. A piece of the central capsule, × 600

vbm">100 21 c, The central capsule; v, vacuoles filling this capsule; n, the central nucleus; l, the concentric nucleolus; g, the voluminous calymma, a small radial piece of which is only represented; a, the large alveoles; b, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; p, black pigment in the inner zone; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone. Fig. 4a. An exoplasmatic body, × 300 Fig. 4b, Vacuoles in the endoplasm, × 300 Fig. 5. Thalassicolla melacapsa, n. sp., × 300 21 n, The large nucleus; l, numerous small nucleoli inside the nucleus; v, the vacuoles filling up the central capsule and separated by black pigment; a, large alveoles in the calymma; k, oil globules; b, exoplasmatic bodies; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone of the calymma. Fig. 5a. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell, × 600 Fig. 5b. A piece of the central capsule, × 600

PLATE 2.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order BELOIDEA.

Family Thalassosphærida.

PLATE 2. Thalassosphærida. Diam. Page.

Fig. 1. Lampoxanthium pandora, n. sp.,

× 120 38 The central capsule exhibits distinct pore-canals in its membrane, and a clear interval between this and the coagulated and vacuolated protoplasm. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The spicula are scattered throughout the alveolate calymma. Fig. 2. Thalassoplancta brevispicula, n. sp. (vel Lampoxanthium brevispiculum), × 120 36 The central capsule contains numerous clear vacuoles, and in the cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus includes numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is alveolate. The spicula lie only in the cortical zone. Fig. 3. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp., × 300 33 The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains a large central nucleus, with a single nucleolus. The spicula surround the thin calymma. Fig. 4. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp., × 600 33 A single spiculum. Fig. 5. Thalassoxanthium medusinum, n. sp., × 120 32 The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains on its cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped, contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by the spicula. Fig. 6. Thalassoxanthium octoceras, n. sp., × 400 34 Three isolated spicula.

Thalassoxanthium medusinum, n. sp., × 120 32 The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains on its cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped, contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by the spicula. Fig. 6. Thalassoxanthium octoceras, n. sp., × 400 34 Three isolated spicula.

PLATE 3.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family Collozoida.

PLATE 3. Collozoida. Diam. Page.

Fig. 1. Collozoum serpentinum, n sp (vel Collophidium serpentinum, Hkl),

× 10 26 A living cœnobium, with expanded pseudopodia. The spherical calymma (or the common jelly-mass of the colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical, serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia in the periphery. Fig. 2. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp., × 50 26 An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule, with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points are nuclei. Fig. 3. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp., × 150 26 An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. k, Oil-globules forming an axial series; n, densely placed, red-coloured nuclei;, c, the capsule membrane under which are scattered small black pigment spots in the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; a, extracapsular alveoles; x, xanthellæ or "yellow cells." Fig. 4. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp., × 100 28 A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony. Each amœboid central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red points are nuclei. Fig. 5. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp., × 400 28 c, A single isolated central capsule; n, nuclei; k, oil-globule. Fig. 6. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp., × 30 27 g, A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony; a, large alveoles, forming a cortical zone; c, central capsules; k, oil-globules. Fig. 7. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp., × 100 27 c, A single isolated central capsule; x, xanthellæ surrounding this central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei. Fig. 8. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp., × 2 26 A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules. Fig. 9. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp., × 150 26 c, A single isolated central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei. Fig. 10. Collozoum inerme, Hkl., × 2 25 An old, cylindrical, articulated cœnobium; the red points are centralcapsules. Fig. 11. Collozoum inerme, Hkl., × 2 25 A young cylindrical cœnobium; the red points are central capsules. Fig. 12. Collozoum inerme, Hkl., × 400 25 A piece of a young colony with eight small central capsules, without oil-globules. n, The central nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules are also dividing. x, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles.

the common jelly-mass of the colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical, serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia in the periphery. Fig. 2. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp., × 50 26 An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule, with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points are nuclei. Fig. 3. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp., × 150 26 An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. k, Oil-globules forming an axial series; n, densely placed, red-coloured nuclei;, c, the capsule membrane under which are scattered small black pigment spots in the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; a, extracapsular alveoles; x, xanthellæ or "yellow cells." Fig. 4. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp., × 100 28 A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony. Each amœboid central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red points are nuclei. Fig. 5. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp., × 400 28 c, A single isolated central capsule; n, nuclei; k, oil-globule. Fig. 6. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp., × 30 27 g, A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony; a, large alveoles, forming a cortical zone; c, central capsules; k, oil-globules. Fig. 7. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp., × 100 27 c, A single isolated central capsule; x, xanthellæ surrounding this central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei. Fig. 8. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp., × 2 26 A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules. Fig. 9. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp., × 150 26 c, A single isolated central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei. Fig. 10. Collozoum inerme, Hkl., × 2 25 An old, cylindrical, articulated cœnobium; the red points are centralcapsules. Fig. 11. Collozoum inerme, Hkl., × 2 25 A young cylindrical cœnobium; the red points are central capsules. Fig. 12. Collozoum inerme, Hkl., × 400 25 A piece of a young colony with eight small central capsules, without oil-globules. n, The central nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules are also dividing. x, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles.

PLATE 4.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders BELOIDEA.

Families Sphærozoida.

PLATE 4. Sphærozoida Diam. Page.

Fig. 1. Sphærozoum trigeminum, n. sp.,

× 50 43 An annular colony. The main mass of the jelly-colony is filled up by large alveoles; the entire surface is densely covered with spicula, and beyond this skeleton-cover lie the spherical central capsules, each with an oil-globule. This species is by mistake not mentioned in the text. Fig. 2. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp., × 50 43 Section through a spherical colony; displaying the inside of a hemisphere. All the central capsules lie in a single stratum on the surface of the jelly-sphere, each being surrounded by a thick-walled alveole. The spicula lie between the alveole and the capsule, which includes a central oil-globule. Fig. 3. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp., × 400 43 A single central capsule, filled up by crystal-spores. Numerous geminato-radiate spicula and spherical xanthellæ lie between the capsule and the including thick-walled alveole. In the jelly-calymma, between the capsule and the alveole, numerous thin ramified pseudopodia are expanded. Fig. 4. Sphærozoum geminatum, n. sp., × 400 45 A single central capsule, with a central oil-globule, surrounded by numerous spicula and spherical xanthellæ. The jelly-substance of the calymma is expanded between the points of the spicula. Fig. 5. Sphærozoum

variabile, n. sp., × 300 45 Three isolated spicula. Fig. 6. Sphærozoum pandora, n. sp. (vel Rhaphidozoum pandora), × 300 49 A group of various spicula. Fig. 7. Sphærozoum verticillatum, n. sp., × 300 44 A single spiculum. Fig. 8. Sphærozoum arborescens, n. sp., × 300 44 A single spiculum. Fig. 9. Sphærozoum armatum, n. sp., × 300 43 A single spiculum.