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The Hero of Esthonia and Other Studies in the Romantic Literature of That Country
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The Hero of Esthonia and Other Studies in the Romantic Literature of That Country

by Kirby W F (William Forsell)

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Page 1

THE HERO OF ESTHONIA
AND OTHER STUDIES IN THE
ROMANTIC LITERATURE OF
THAT COUNTRY

COMPILED
FROM ESTHONIAN AND GERMAN SOURCES BY

W.F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S., ETC.
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE FINNISH
LITERARY SOCIETY

WITH A MAP OF ESTHONIA

IN TWO VOLUMES

LONDON
JOHN C. NIMMO
14, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.
MDCCCXCV

CONTENTS OF VOL. I

PAGE PREFACE ix INTRODUCTION— ESTHONIA xiii THE KALEVIPOEG xviii FOLK-TALES IN PROSE xxii BALLADS AND OTHER SHORT POEMS xxiii PASTOR HURT'S COLLECTIONS xxiv MYTHOLOGY xxvi PART I THE HERO OF ESTHONIA THE KALEVIPOEG 1 THE ARGUMENT 2 CANTO I.—THE MARRIAGES OF SALME AND LINDA 7 CANTO II.—THE DEATH OF KALEV 18 CANTO III.—THE FATE OF LINDA 24 CANTO IV.—THE ISLAND MAIDEN 32 CANTO V.—THE KALEVIDE AND THE FINNISH SORCERER 38 CANTO VI.—THE KALEVIDE AND THE SWORD SMITHS 42 CANTO VII.—THE RETURN OF THE KALEVIDE 49 CANTO VIII.—THE CONTEST AND PARTING OF THE BROTHERS 55 CANTO IX.—RUMOURS OF WAR 61 CANTO X.—THE HEROES AND THE WATER-DEMON 64 CANTO XI.—THE LOSS OF THE SWORD 72 CANTO XII.—THE FIGHT WITH THE SORCERER'S SONS 80 CANTO XIII.—THE KALEVIDE'S FIRST JOURNEY TO HADES 87 CANTO XIV.—THE PALACE OF SARVIK 94 CANTO XV.—THE MARRIAGE OF THE SISTERS 105 CANTO XVI.—THE VOYAGE OF THE KALEVIDE 110 CANTO XVII.—THE HEROES AND THE DWARF 119 CANTO XVIII.—THE KALEVIDE'S JOURNEY TO PÕRGU 124 CANTO XIX.—THE LAST FEAST OF THE HEROES 129 CANTO XX.—ARMAGEDDON 135 PART II ESTHONIAN FOLK-TALES SECTION I TALES ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE "KALEVIPOEG" THE MILKY WAY 147 THE GRATEFUL PRINCE 152 THE CLEVER COUNTRYWOMAN 186 SLYBOOTS 187 THE HOUSE-SPIRIT 207 THE GOLD-SPINNERS 208 SECTION II ORPHAN AND FOUNDLING STORIES THE WOOD OF TONTLA 237 THE KING OF THE MISTY HILL 259 THE ORPHAN'S HANDMILL 260 THE ORPHAN BOY AND THE HELL-HOUNDS 261 THE EGG-BORN PRINCESS 273 THE ROYAL HERD-BOY 279 TIIDU, THE FLUTE-PLAYER 303 THE LUCKY EGG 308 THE MAGICIAN IN THE POCKET 321 THE GOD-DAUGHTER OF THE ROCK-MAIDENS 321 THE FOUNDLING 321

CONTENTS OF VOL. II

PART II ESTHONIAN FOLK-TALES—(continued) SECTION III COSMOPOLITAN STORIES PAGE BLUEBEARD (THE WIFE-MURDERER) 1 CINDERELLA (TUHKA TRIINU) 4 THE DRAGON-SLAYER (THE LUCKY ROUBLE) 6 THE DWARF'S CHRISTENING 8 THE ENVIOUS SISTERS (THE PRINCE WHO RESCUED HIS BROTHERS) 9 THE GIFTED BROTHERS (SWIFTFOOT, QUICKHAND, AND SHARPEYE) 12 THE SWIFT-FOOTED PRINCESS 23 THE IDIOT'S LUCK (STRANGE TALE OF AN OX) 24 THE MAGICIAN'S HEIRS (THE DWARFS' QUARREL) 24 THE MAN IN THE MOON 29 VIDEVIK, KOIT, AND ÄMARIK 30 THE MAIDEN AT THE VASKJALA BRIDGE 34 THE WOMAN IN THE MOON 37 POLYPHEMUS 38 RED RIDING-HOOD (THE DEVIL'S VISIT) 38 SNOWWHITE, THE GLASS MOUNTAIN, AND THE DESPISED YOUNGEST SON (THE PRINCESS WHO SLEPT FOR SEVEN YEARS) 40 THE THREE SISTERS 43 THE THREE WISHES (LOPPI AND LAPPI) 45 THE WITCH-BRIDE (RÕUGUTAJA'S DAUGHTER) 45 THE STEPMOTHER 46 SECTION IV FAMILIAR STORIES OF NORTHERN EUROPE MELUSINA 48 THE FISHERMAN AND HIS WIFE (THE POWERFUL CRAYFISH AND THE INSATIABLE WIFE) 48 THE MERMAID 49 HOW THE SEA BECAME SALT 70 THE TWO BROTHERS AND THE FROST 71 THE SOLDIER AND THE DEVIL 76 SECTION V STORIES OF THE GODS AND SPIRITS OF THE ELEMENTS THE SONG-GOD'S DEPARTURE 81 JUTTA 85 THE TWELVE DAUGHTERS 87 THE FOUR GIFTS OF THE WATER-SPRITE 98 THE LAKE-DWELLERS 98 THE FAITHLESS FISHERMAN 104 THE MERMAID AND THE LORD OF PAHLEN 106 THE SPIRITS OF THE NORTHERN LIGHTS 107 THE SPIRIT OF THE WHIRLWIND 110 THE WILL O' THE WISPS 111 THE FOUNDLING 112 THE CAVE-DWELLERS 114 THE COMPASSIONATE WOODCUTTER 125 CHRISTIAN VARIANT OF SAME 127 THE GOOD DEED REWARDED 128 SECTION VI
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HEATH LEGENDS THE WONDERFUL HAYCOCK 133 THE MAGIC EGG 134 SECTION VII LAKE LEGENDS LAKE PEIPUS 136 THE LAKE AT EUSEKÜLL 142 EMMU LAKE AND VIRTS LAKE 144 THE BLUE SPRING 145 THE BLACK POOL 146 SECTION VIII STORIES OF THE DEVIL AND OF BLACK MAGIC THE SON OF THE THUNDER-GOD 149 THE MOON-PAINTER 159 THE TREASURE-BRINGER 168 THE WOODEN MAN AND THE BIRCH-BARK MAID 180 THE COMPASSIONATE SHOEMAKER 182 MISCELLANEOUS STORIES OF THE DEVIL 185 MARTIN AND HIS DEAD MASTER 188 THE HUNTER'S LOST LUCK 191 THE COINERS OF LEAL 192 THE BEWITCHED HORSE 193 SECTION IX HIDDEN TREASURES THE COURAGEOUS BARN-KEEPER 195 THE GALLOWS-DWARFS 210 THE TREASURE AT KERTELL 222 THE GOLDEN SNAKES 224 THE DEVIL'S TREASURE 225 THE NOCTURNAL CHURCH-GOERS 226 SECTION X ORIENTAL TALES THE MAIDENS WHO BATHED IN THE MOONLIGHT 233 THE NORTHERN FROG 237 SECTION XI CHURCH STORIES THE CHURCH AT REVEL 262 THE CHURCH AT PÜHALEPP 263 THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS 265 THE CHURCH AT FELLIN 265 SECTION XII UNNATURAL BROTHERS THE RICH BROTHER AND THE POOR ONE 267 SECTION XIII PLAGUE-LEGENDS 271 SECTION XIV BEAST-STORIES WOLF-STORIES 274 THE MAN WITH THE BAST SHOES 278 WHY THE DOG AND CAT AND THE CAT AND MOUSE ARE ENEMIES 282 THE ORIGIN OF THE SWALLOW 283 THE SPIDER AND THE HORNET 284 THE OFFICIOUS FLIES 285 PART III ESTHONIAN BALLADS, &c. THE HERALD OF WAR 285 THE BLUE BIRD (I.) 292 THE BLUE BIRD (II.) 296 CHARM AGAINST SNAKE-BITE 298 BIBLIOGRAPHY 299 INDEX AND GLOSSARY 305

INDEX AND GLOSSARY

  • Abercromby, Hon. J., specimens of Finnish charms, ii. 298 note.
  • Adam and Eve, i. 252 note.
  • Aennchen, Cinderella sometimes called in German, ii. 4.
  • Äike, one of the names of the Thunder-God, i. xxviii., 24.
  • Ämarik (Evening-Glow), ii. 30, 299.
  • Ahti, in Esthonian, the God of the Waters; in Finnish, one of the names of the hero Lemminkainen, i. xxviii., 221; ii. 95 note.
  • Ahto, Finnish name of the God of the Waters, i. xxviii.
  • Aino, a heroine of the "Kalevala," who was drowned in a lake, i. 34 note; ii. 147 note.
  • Air-Maiden, the daughter of the Thunder-God, i. xxviii., 4, 71.
  • Alder-beetle, divination by, i. 19.
  • Alev, ancestor of a race of heroes, probably a brother of Kalev, i. xxii., 2 note.
  • Alevide or Alevipoeg, a hero of the race of Alev, the chief friend and companion of his cousin, the Kalevipoeg, i. xxii., 4, 5, 6.
  • Alevide and water-demon, i. 64.
  • Alevide, death of the, i. 138.
  • Ali Shar and Zumurrud, a story of the "Thousand and One Nights," i. 187 note.
  • Alutaga, a district north of Lake Peipus, i. 237.
  • Angantyr, a famous Berserk in the Hervarar Saga, i. 60 note.
  • Anna, widows named, ii. 145.
  • Apes and Khaleefeh the fisherman, in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 270.
  • Apples, golden, ii. 14.
  • Argument of "Kalevipoeg," i. 2.
  • Ariel's song, i. 21 note.
  • Arju or Harju (German, Harrien), a province of Esthonia, i. xiv., 14 note.
  • Arjuna, one of the heroes of the Indian Epic, the Maha-Bharata, ii. 23 note.
  • Ark, ass entering, ii. 76 note.
  • Armageddon, i. 135.
  • Armi, name of dog, i. 25 note.
  • Arthur, King, i. xxxii.
  • Aschenputtel, German name for Cinderella, ii. 4.
  • Ash-Katie (Tuhka-Triinu, Cinderella), ii. 4.
  • Ass and Devil, ii. 76 note.
  • Bagpipe, i. 304 note; ii. 150.
  • Ballads and other short poems, i. xxiii.; ii. 287.
  • Baltic, Bouquet from the, ii. 299.
  • Baltic Provinces of Russia, i. xiii.
  • Banyan-tree, i. 39 note.
  • Barbarossa, i. xxxii.
  • Baring-Gould. See Gould.
  • Barnkeeper, courageous, ii. 195.
  • Bast shoes, magic, ii. 25.
  • Bast shoes, man with the, ii. 278.
  • Bathhouse visited by devils, ii. 186
  • Bathroom employed for accouchements, i. 21.
  • Bath-whisks, i. 98; ii. 235
  • Battles of the Kalevide, i. 119, 136, 137.
  • Bear, i. 52, 97; ii. 279, 290.
  • Beast-stories, ii. 274.
  • Beauty and the Beast, ii. 43 note.
  • Beer in Hades, i. xxxi., 173, 198.
  • Beetle as coachman, ii. 5.
  • Beetle and brooch, divination by, i. 19.
  • Beggar, God disguised as, ii. 182.
  • Bell, magic, i. 197.
  • Bell of Sarvik, i. 121, 126.
  • Beowulf, hero of an Anglo-Saxon poem of the same name, ii. 147 note.
  • Berserk, a Viking mad with battle-frenzy (the nearest modern parallel is the Malay custom of running amok), i. 39 note, 60 note.
  • Berserk, Angantyr the, i. 60 note.
  • Berserk, Kalevipoeg a, i. 39 note.
  • Bertram, Dr., part translator of the "Kalevipoeg," i. xix.; ii. 301.
  • Bewitched horse, ii.
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">193.
  • Bhima, one of the heroes of the Indian Epic, the Maha-Bharata. i. 25 note; ii. 23 note.
  • Bibliography, ii. 299.
  • Birch-bark maid, ii. 180.
  • Birch-tree, crooked, ii. 189.
  • Birch-twigs for bath-whisks, ii. 235.
  • Birds, language of, i. 215, 223; ii. 239.
  • Bitch, Devil's mother in form of, i. xxxi., 68.
  • Black Gods, ii. 136.
  • Black magic, stories of, ii. 148, 167, 188.
  • Black pool, ii. 146.
  • Blood, souls sold by, ii. 150, 175, 181, 245.
  • Blood, spells to stay flow of, i. 136.
  • Blood used in magical practices, i. 248; ii. 229.
  • Blood-vessel of Wisdom, ii. 186.
  • Bluebeard, ii. 1.
  • Blue bird, i. xxviii.; ii. 292, 296.
  • Blue spring, ii. 145.
  • Blumberg on the "Kalevipoeg," ii. 299.
  • Blumberg's account of Lake Endla, ii. 85 note.
  • Boecler on Esthonian customs, beliefs, &c., ii. 299.
  • Bouquet from the Baltic, ii. 299.
  • Brandy offered by lovers, i. 10; ii. 89.
  • Break-Iron, name of dog, ii. 6.
  • Breslau edition of the "Thousand and One Nights," i. 72 note.
  • Bridge-builder or wishing-rod, i. 91, 105, 108, 198.
  • Bridge, Finnish, i. 4, 48; ii. 287.
  • Brobdingnagians, Gulliver's remark respecting, i. 116 note.
  • Brooch and beetle, divination by, i. 19.
  • Brothers, friendly, i. 3, 49; ii. 23.
  • Brothers, gifted, ii. 12.
  • Brothers, parting of, i. 55.
  • Brothers, unnatural, ii. 41, 70, 71, 267.
  • Brothers of the Kalevipoeg, i. 18, 25, 51, 55.
  • Brothers, two, and the Frost, ii. 71.
  • "Brynhilda," poem by W. Herbert, i. 60.
  • Bug, Devil changed into, ii. 181.
  • Bugs, origin of, ii. 127, 181.
  • Boys, orphan, i. 4, 85, 261.
  • Bulookiya, story of, in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 236.
    • Cat, Devil in form of black, ii. 192, 199, 202, 276.
    • Cat, dog, and mouse, ii. 282.
    • Cat, pet, ii. 43.
    • Cave-dwellers, ii. 114.
    • Chamisso's Alsatian legend, "Das Riesenspielzeug," the "Giant's Toy," or the "Giant's Daughter and the Peasant," i. 116 note.
    • Chamois-hunter's inexhaustible cheese, i. 265 note.
    • Charlemagne, i. xxxii.
    • Charm against snake-bite, ii. 298.
    • Charms to stanch blood, i. 136.
    • Chase of Slieve Cullin, Irish legend, i. 71.
    • Cholera, arrival of, in a Greek island, ii. 271 note.
    • Christ, Väinämöinen quitting Finland on the coming of, ii. 60.
    • Church stories, ii. 282.
    • Church, Devil in, ii. 112.
    • Church at Fellin, ii. 265.
    • Church of the Holy Cross, ii. 265.
    • Church of Lais, ii. 145.
    • Church at Pühalepp, ii. 263.
    • Church at Revel, ii. 262.
    • Chuvash of Kasan call God Tora, i. 6 note.
    • Cinderella, i. 273; ii. 4.
    • Clever countrywoman, i. 186.
    • Coach, Devil's, ii. 186.
    • Cock-crowing, i. 250; ii. 40, 251, 291.
    • Cock, red, euphemism for burning a house, i. 108, 234.
    • Cock, witch riding on, ii. 140.
    • Cockchafer, spinning, i. 19 note.
    • Coiners of Leal, ii. 192.
    • Coins, discovery of English, ii. 194.
    • Cologne Cathedral, legend of, ii. 261 note.
    • Compassionate shoemaker, ii. 182.
    • Compassionate woodcutter, ii. 124.
    • Contest of brothers, i. 55.
    • Copper, man of, i. 3, 35.
    • Courageous barn-keeper, ii. 195.
    • Courland, Province of, i. xiii.; ii. 25.
    • Cox, Marian Roalfe, "Cinderella, Three Hundred and Forty-five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin, and Cap o' Rushes, abstracted and tabulated, with a discussion of mediæval analogues and notes, with an introduction by Andrew Lang, M.A.," London, 1893, ii. 4.
    • Crafty Hans, ii. 115, 211.
    • Crayfish, i. 85, 139, 140, 190.
    • Crayfish, powerful, ii. 48.
    • Creation-myths of Finns, ii. 60.
    • Cross, Church of Holy, ii. 285.
    • Cross-dance, i. 14.
    • Crow, slave-girl born from, i. 2, 10.
    • Cruel stepmothers, i. 85 note, 276, 280; ii. 4, 46.
    • Cuckoo, i. 82.
    • Cudgel, magic, ii. 25, 74.
    • Cup-bearer of Kalevide, i. 4, 66.
    • Cup-bearer visits Põrgu, i. 66.
    • Cup-bearer, disappearance of, i. 115.
    • Dagö, Island of, i. xiii.; ii. 112, 222, 283.
    • Damocles, sword of, ii. 8.
    • Danish ballads, Prior's, i. 115 note.
    • Daughters, Twelve, ii. 59, 87.
    • Dawn, story of, ii. 30.
    • Death-sorcerer, i. xxxi.
    • Demon cookery, i. 4, 88.
    • Despised younger son, ii. 40.
    • Devil, names and attributes of, i. xxx.
    • Devil, stories of, ii. 38, 78, 148.
    • Devil, animals hostile to, ii. 76.
    • Devil called Old Boy, i. xxx., 153.
    • Devil creates the wolf, ii. 274.
    • Devil in church, ii. 112.
    • Devil provides horses for the Kalevipoeg, i. 142.
    • Devil steals fish, ii. 155.
    • Devil tries to destroy churches, ii. 263.
    • Devil with the three golden hairs, ii. 71.
    • Devil and Soldier, ii. 76.
    • Devil's mother or grandmother, i. 58 note, 66, 99, 142 note, 165.
    • Devil's Treasure, ii. 225.
    • Devil's Visit,
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    ii. 38, 301.
  • Dido on Esthonian tales and the "Kalevipoeg," i. xxii., 133 note; ii. 299, 300.
  • "Die gelehrte Ehstnische Gesellschaft," i. xvii.
  • Divination by brooch and beetle, i. 19.
  • Diving Jinn, ii. 96 note.
  • Dog and cat, ii. 282.
  • Dog and Devil, ii. 76.
  • Dog-men, i. 5, 117.
  • "Donica," poem by Southey, ii. 147 note.
  • Donner on the "Kalevipoeg" and "Kalevala," ii. 300.
  • Dragon-slayer, ii. 6.
  • Dragons as saurians, ii. 7.
  • Draupadi, the heroine of the Indian Epic, the Maha-Bharata, ii. 23 note.
  • Drinking-bouts, i. 3, 45, 131.
  • Dvergar (dwarfs), Old Norse name for the Gnomes, ii. 113.
  • Dorpat, i. 56 note.
  • Ducks with gold and silver plumage, i. xxx., 202.
  • Dwarf and heroes, i. 115.
  • Dwarf's christening, ii. 8.
  • Dwarf's quarrel, ii. 25.
  • Dwarfs, headless, ii. 213.
  • Dwarfs stealing food, i. 121, 187, 207; ii. 26.
    • Eagle of the North, i. 2, 8, 227, 257, 268, 271.
    • East, magician of, ii. 239.
    • Edda (Grandmother), name applied to the two principal collections of Scandinavian mythological and heroic poems and legends, the Poetical Edda, or the Edda of Sæmund, and the Prose Edda, or the Edda of Snore, i. 60 note, 91 note; ii. 29, 71 note.
    • "Ed-Dimiryaht" (a king of the Jinn, and one of the two chief Wezeers of Solomon), poem by Kirby, ii. 236.
    • Egg-born princess, i. 273.
    • Egg, Linda born from, i. 2, 9.
    • Egg, Suometar born from, i. 10 note.
    • Egg, magic, ii. 234.
    • Elemental spirits, ii. 96 note.
    • Elements, stories of spirits of, ii. 60.
    • Elsie, i. 240.
    • Elves, Tieck's story of, i. 236.
    • Emmu Lake and Virts Lake, ii. 144.
    • Endel or Endla, son of Ilmarine, ii. 87.
    • Endla, Lake, i. 88; ii. 85.
    • "Encyclopædia Britannica," article on Esthonia in, ii. 300.
    • Envious sisters, story of, in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 9.
    • Epic of Esthonia, the "Kalevipoeg," i. 1.
    • Epic of Finland, the "Kalevala," i. 1.
    • Esau and Jacob, i. 19.
    • Esquimaux, i. 117 note.
    • Esthonia, article in "Encyclopædia Britannica," ii. 300.
    • Esthonia, Epic of, the "Kalevipoeg," i. 1.
    • Esthonia, hero of, the "Kalevipoeg," i. 1.
    • Esthonia, language of, i. xv., xvi.
    • Esthonia, province of, i. xiii.
    • Esthonian ballads, &c., ii. 287.
    • Esthonian dances, i. 14.
    • Esthonian folk-tales, i. 145; ii. 1.
    • Esthonian Hercules, ii. 302.
    • Euseküll, Lake at, ii. 142.
    • Fählmann, Dr., work of, i. xviii.
    • Faithless fisherman, ii. 104.
    • Familiar stories of Northern Europe, ii. 48.
    • Famine personified, ii. 290.
    • Fate of Linda, i. 24.
    • "Faust," Goethe's, i. xxi., 214.
    • Feasts, public, i. 3, 6, 45, 131, 187, 195.
    • Feathers transformed to birds and warriors, i. 40.
    • Fellin, a town in Livonia, ii. 111, 135.
    • Fellin, church at, ii. 285.
    • Fenland or Finland, ii. 135 note.
    • "Festus," poem by Bailey, i. xxi.
    • Fetishism in Esthonia and Finland, i. xxvi.; ii. 167, 274 note.
    • Fight with the sorcerer's sons, i. 80.
    • Finland, Epic of, the "Kalevala," i. 1.
    • Finland, Gulf of, i. xiii.
    • Finland, Kalevide's journey to, i. 3, 5, 32, 38, 112.
    • Finland, names of, ii. 135 note.
    • Finn, the Irish hero, i. xxxii., 71.
    • Finnish Bridge, i. 4, 43; ii. 287.
    • Finnish Literary Society's publications, i. xxii.
    • Finnish magicians and sorcerers, i. 2, 3, 23, 26, 38, 41, 111, 220, 226, 260, 299; ii. 181, 260.
    • Finnish sorcerer seeks the hand of Linda, i. 2, 23.
    • Finnish sorcerer carries off Linda, i. 2, 26.
    • Finnish sorcerer and the Kalevide, i. 3, 38.
    • Finnish sorcerer slain by the Kalevide, i. 3, 41.
    • Finnish stories, ii. 29, 41, 60.
    • Finnish sword-smiths, i. 3, 42, 84.
    • Finnish-Ugrian race, i. xv.
    • Fire Island (Iceland), i. 5, 113, 114.
    • Fish, Devil stealing, ii. 155.
    • Fisherman, faithless, ii. 104.
    • Fisherman and his Wife, ii. 148.
    • Flies, Officious, ii. 285, 301.
    • Flood, ii. 182 note.
    • Floods, magic, i. 105, 107, 108.
    • Flute, story of magic, ii. 43 note.
    • Flute-player, Tiidu the, i. 303.
    • "Folk-lore," organ of the English Folk-lore Society, ii. 298 note.
    • Folk-tales in prose, Esthonian, i. xxii., 145; ii. 1.
    • Foot, stamping with, to open hidden door or to lay a ghost, i. 110, 124, 158; ii. 190, 193.
    • Forests in fairy tales, i. 211.
    • Foundling, i. 321; ii. 112.
    • Four gifts of the water-sprite, ii. 98.
    • Freemasons, ii. 236.
    • Free-shooters, ii. 191.
    • Frog, Northern, ii. 237.
    • Frost, two brothers and the, ii. 71.
    • Galland's "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 9.
    • Gallows dwarfs, ii. 211.
    • Ganander, a writer on Finnish mythology in the last century, ii. 296.
    • Garm, the dog which guards Helheim, in
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    the Scandinavian mythology, i. 261.
  • Geese with gold and silver feathers, i. xxx., 202.
  • German Knights of the Sword, i. xiv., 194.
  • Germans in Esthonia, i. xv., 246, 248, 284.
  • Giallar Horn, the horn of Heimdall in the Scandinavian mythology, which he is to blow to summon the gods to battle at Ragnarök, i. 136 note.
  • "Giant's Daughter," and poem by Chamisso, i. 115, 116 note.
  • Gifted brothers, ii. 22.
  • Gifted servants, ii. 24.
  • Gifts of water-sprite, ii. 98.
  • Glass mountain, ii. 40.
  • Gnomes, ii. 113.
  • God disguised as beggar, ii. 182.
  • God, name of, engraved on Solomon's seal, ii. 236.
  • God, names of, i. xxvii.
  • God-daughter of the Rock-maidens, i. 321.
  • Gods, Esthonian and Finnish, i. xxvii.
  • Gods, stories of the, ii. 60.
  • Gods, white and black, ii. 136, 137.
  • "Goethe," poem by Kenealy, i. xx.
  • Goethe's "Faust," i. xxi., 214.
  • Gold king, i. 52.
  • Gold mountain, i. 19.
  • Gold shoes of Tuhka Triinu, ii. 6.
  • Golden, an epithet of endearment, i. 92.
  • Golden apples, ii. 14.
  • Golden land, i. 152.
  • Gold snakes, ii. 224.
  • Gold-spinners, i. 208.
  • Goldsmith's "Goody Two-Shoes," i. 249 note.
  • Gomme, Alice Bertha, "The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland," vol. i. 1894, i. 91 note.
  • Good deed rewarded, ii, 128.
  • "Goody Two-Shoes," i. 249 note.
  • Goose-Tony, ii. 2.
  • Gottland, island of, identified with Kungla, i. 15 note.
  • Gould, S. Baring, on the "Kalevipoeg," i. 112 note, 117 note; ii. 300.
  • Grass-mother, i. xxix., 13 note.
  • Grateful prince, i. 152.
  • Grave of Kalev, i. 3, 21, 30, 54, 134.
  • Grave, visits to father's, ii. 41.
  • Greenland, i. 117 note.
  • Grey women in "Faust," i. 214 note.
  • Grimm's "Kinder und Hausmärchen," ii. 48, 71.
  • Grosse's German version of the "Kalevipoeg," i. xix.; ii. 300.
  • Grôtta-Söngr, the Mill-Song, one of the poems in the Edda of Sæmund, ii. 71 note.
  • Gulliver's remark respecting the Brobdingnagians, i. 115.
    • Hades (Põrgu), i. xxxi.
    • Hades, Kalevide's first journey to, i. 87.
    • Hair, beliefs connected with, ii. 19.
    • Hand grasped by magician or giant, i. 176; ii. 22, 189.
    • Hans, crafty, ii. 115, 211.
    • Harju or Arju, province of Esthonia, i. xiv., 14 note.
    • Harrien, German name of province of Harju, i. 14.
    • Hasan of El Basrah, story in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 25.
    • Hasib, story in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 234 note.
    • Hat of nail-parings, i. 91, 103; ii. 25.
    • Hat, soldier's, ii. 130.
    • Haycock, wonderful, ii. 133.
    • Headless dwarfs, ii. 213.
    • Heath legends, ii. 111, 132.
    • Hedgehog, Kalevide's meeting with, i. 4, 81.
    • Heidelberg, Wolfsbrunnen, near, ii. 86 note.
    • Heimdall, horn of, in Scandinavian mythology, i. 126 note.
    • Helena the Fair, Princess, Russian story, ii. 41 note.
    • "Helga," poem by W. Herbert, i. 60.
    • Helheim, the Scandinavian Hades, i. 261 note.
    • Hell (Põrgu), i. xxxi.
    • Hell-hounds, i. 261; ii. 192.
    • Hell-Maiden, ii. 242.
    • Hemlock used to poison witch, i. 233.
    • Hen, Salme born from, i. 2, 9.
    • Heracles and Hylas, i. 115 note.
    • Herald, voyage of, i. 139 note.
    • Herald of War, i. 63; ii. 287.
    • Herbert, William, "Helga, a poem in eight cantos," London, 1815, i. 60 note.
    • Hercules of Esthonia, ii. 302.
    • Herd-boy, royal, i. 279.
    • Herd-boy, sinking in heath, ii. 133.
    • Herd-boys, i. 84.
    • Hero of Esthonia, the Kalevipoeg, i. 1.
    • Heroes and dwarf, i. 115.
    • Heroes and water-demon, i. 64.
    • Heroes carried by eagles, i. 2, 8.
    • Heroes, last feast of, i. 129.
    • Heywood, Thomas, "Hierarchies of the Blessed Angels," London, 1635, ii. 147 note.
    • Hialmar, hero of the Hervarar Saga, i. 60 note.
    • "Hiawatha," poem by Longfellow, i. xx., 81 note.
    • Hidden treasures, i. 135; ii. 194.
    • Holger or Olger, Danish hero expected to return, i. xxxii.
    • Holy Cross, Church of, ii. 285.
    • Hornet and spider, ii. 284.
    • Horse, bewitched, ii. 193.
    • Horse of Kalevide, i. 3, 58, 128, 130.
    • Horse of the tempest, i. 15.
    • Horses devoted to the Devil, ii. 181, 187.
    • Horses, white, i. 59, 142, 260.
    • House-spirit, i. xxxi. 207; ii. 167.
    • How the sea became salt, ii. 70.
    • How seven tailors went to war in Turkey, i. xxiii.
    • Hunter's lost luck, ii. 191.
    • Hurt, Pastor, collection of Esthonian folk-lore, i. xxiv.; ii. 301, 302.
    • Hylas and Heracles, i. 115 note.
    • Iblees (Satan), entering ark with ass, ii. 76 note.
    • Iceland (Fire Island), i. 114 note.
    • Idiot's luck, ii. 14.
    • Iliad, origin of, i. xi.
    • Ilma, Lake, i. 87, 110.
    • Ilmarine or Ilmarinen, the Vulcan of Esthonia and Finland, i. xxi., xxx., 4, 83; ii. 120, 159.
    • Ilmarine, wife of, i. 291 note.
    • Ilmatar, the Daughter of the Air, the mother of Väinämöinen, and the creatrix of the world in the first Runo of the "Kalevala," where she apparently represents the Spirit of God floating on the surface of the waters, i. 71 note; ii. 60.
    • Inexhaustible wallets, &c., i. 265.
    • Ingoldsby Legends, ii. 159.
    • Insatiable wife, ii. 48.
    • Invasions, i. 129, 132.
    • Irish lakes, water-nymphs in, ii. 147 note.
    • Irmi, name of dog, i. 25 note.
    • Iru, Mount, i. 27,
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  • Island of Dagö, i. xiii.; ii. 222, 283.
  • Island of Fire (Iceland), i. 5, 114.
  • Island of Œsel, i. xiii.
  • Island Maiden, i. 3, 32, 50.
  • Israel's work on the "Kalevipoeg," i. xix.; ii. 300.
    • Jacob and Esau, i. 18 note.
    • Jacobs on "junior right," i. 18 note.
    • Jalopeura, Finnish name for lion and lynx, i. 89 note.
    • Jamasp, story of, in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 234 note.
    • Jann = Jinn, i. 72 note.
    • Jannsen, Harry, "Esthonian Tales," i. xxii.; ii. 300.
    • Järva (the Lake District), province of Esthonia, i. xiv.
    • Jephthah, i. 152 note.
    • Jerwen, German name of province of Järva, i. xiv.
    • Jews, Passover of, i. 265 note.
    • Jews, persecution of, i. 155.
    • Jinn of Arabia, ii. 96 note.
    • Jinn, oblique eyes of, i. 72 note.
    • Jones, W.H., and Kropf, L.L., "The Folk-Tales of the Magyars," London, 1889, ii. 30 note.
    • Joodar, story in the "Thousand and One Nights," i. 199 note, 265 note; ii. 229.
    • Joyce, P.W., "Old Celtic Romances," 2nd edition, London, 1894, i. 71.
    • Jullanar of the Sea, story in the "Thousand and One Nights," ii. 96 note.
    • Jumal or Jumala, name of God, i. xxiii., 8.
    • Junior right, i. 18 note.
    • Jutta, foster-daughter of Vanemuine, and Queen of the Birds, i. xxviii., 85.
    • Jutta, priestess of Hertha, ii. 86 note.