The History of Modern Painting, Volume 3 (of 4) Revised edition continued by the author to the end of the XIX century

THE HISTORY OF
MODERN PAINTING

ADOLF VON MENZEL. RESTAURANT AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION 1867.

CONTENTS

  PAGE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

ix BOOK IV (continued) THE REALISTIC PAINTERS AND MODERN IDEALISTS (continued) CHAPTER XXVIII REALISM IN ENGLAND

The mannerism of English historical painting: F. C. Horsley, J. R. Herbert, J. Tenniel, E. M. Ward, Eastlake, Edward Armitage, and others.—The importance of Ruskin.—Beginning of the efforts at reform with William Dyce and Joseph Noël Paton.—The pre-Raphaelites.—The battle against “beautiful form” and “beautiful tone.”—Holman Hunt.—Ford Madox Brown.—John Everett Millais and Velasquez.—Their pictures from modern life opposed to the anecdotic pictures of the elder genre painters.—The Scotch painter John Phillip

1 CHAPTER XXIX REALISM IN GERMANY

Why historical painting and the anecdotic picture could no longer take the central place in the life of German art after the changes of 1870.—Berlin: Adolf Menzel, A. v. Werner, Carl Güssow, Max Michael.—Vienna: August v. Pettenkofen.—Munich becomes once more a formative influence.—Importance of the impetus given in the seventies to the artistic crafts, and how it afforded an incentive to an exhaustive study of the old colourists.—Lorenz Gedon, W. Diez, E. Harburger, W. Loefftz, Claus Meyer, A. Holmberg, Fritz August Kaulbach.—Good painting takes the place of the well-told anecdote.—Transition from the costume picture to the pure treatment of modern life.—Franz Lenbach.—The Ramberg school.—Victor Müller brings into Germany the knowledge of Courbet.—Wilhelm Leibl

39 CHAPTER XXX THE INFLUENCE OF THE JAPANESE

The Paris International Exhibition of 1867 communicated to Europe a knowledge of the Japanese.—A sketch of the history of Japanese painting.—The “Society of the Jinglar,” and the influence of the Japanese on the founders of Impressionism

81 CHAPTER XXXI THE IMPRESSIONISTS

Impressionism is Realism widened by the study of the milieu.—Edouard Manet, Degas, Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet.—The Impressionist movement the final phase in the great battle of liberation for modern art

105 CHAPTER XXXII THE NEW IDEALISM IN ENGLAND

Rossetti and the New pre-Raphaelites: Edward Burne-Jones, R. Spencer Stanhope, William Morris, J. M. Strudwick, Henry Holliday, Marie Spartali-Stillman.—W. B. Richmond, Walter Crane, G. F. Watts

151 CHAPTER XXXIII THE NEW IDEALISM IN FRANCE AND GERMANY

Gustave Moreau, Puvis de Chavannes, Arnold Boecklin, Hans von Marées.—The resuscitation of biblical painting.—Review of previous efforts from the Nazarenes to Munkacsy, E. von Gebhardt, Menzel, and Leibermann.—Fritz von Uhde.—Other attempts: W. Dürr, W. Volz.—L. von Hofmann, Julius Exter, Franz Stuck, Max Klinger

210 BOOK V A SURVEY OF EUROPEAN ART AT THE PRESENT TIME

INTRODUCTION

251 CHAPTER XXXIV FRANCE

Bastien-Lepage, L’hermitte, Roll, Raffaelli, De Nittis, Ferdinand Heilbuth, Albert Aublet, Jean Béraud, Ulysse Butin, Édouard Dantan, Henri Gervex, Duez, Friant, Goeneutte, Dagnan-Bouveret.—The landscape painters: Seurat, Signac, Anquetin, Angrand, Lucien Pissarro, Pointelin, Jan Monchablon, Montenard, Dauphin, Rosset-Granget, Émile Barau, Damoye, Boudin, Dumoulin, Lebourg, Victor Binet, Réné Billotte.—The portrait painters: Fantin-Latour, Jacques Émile Blanche, Boldini.—The Draughtsmen: Chéret, Willette, Forain, Paul Renouard, Daniel Vierge, Cazin, Eugène Carrière, P. A. Besnard, Agache, Aman-Jean, M. Denis, Gandara, Henri Martin, Louis Picard, Ary Renan, Odilon Redon, Carlos Schwabe

255 CHAPTER XXXV SPAIN

From Goya to Fortuny.—Mariano Fortuny.—Official efforts for the cultivation of historical painting.—Influence of Manet inconsiderable.—Even in their pictures from modern life the Spaniards remain followers of Fortuny: Francisco Pradilla Casado, Vera, Manuel Ramirez, Moreno Carbonero, Ricardo Villodas, Antonio Casanova y Estorach, Benliure y Gil, Checa, Francisco Amerigo, Viniegra y Lasso, Mas y Fondevilla, Alcazar Tejeder, José Villegas, Luis Jimenez, Martin Rico, Zamacois, Raimundo de Madrazo, Francisco Domingo, Emilio Sala y Francés, Antonio Fabrés

307 CHAPTER XXXVI ITALY

Fortuny’s influence on the Italians, especially on the school of Naples.—Domenico Morelli and his followers: F. P. Michetti, Edoardo Dalbono, Alceste Campriani, Giacomo di Chirico, Rubens Santoro, Edoardo Toffano, Giuseppe de Nigris.—Prominence of the costume picture.—Venice: Favretto, Lonza.—Florence: Andreotti, Conti, Gelli, Vinea.—The peculiar position of Segantini.—Otherwise anecdotic painting still preponderates.—Chierici, Rotta, Vannuttelli, Monteverde, Tito.—Reasons why the further development of modern art was generally completed not so much on Latin as on Germanic soil

326 CHAPTER XXXVII ENGLAND

General characteristic of English painting.—The offshoots of Classicism: Lord Leighton, Val Prinsep, Poynter, Alma Tadema.—Japanese tendencies: Albert Moore.—The animal picture with antique surroundings: Briton-Rivière.—The old genre painting remodelled in a naturalistic sense by George Mason and Frederick Walker.—George H. Boughton, Philip H. Calderon, Marcus Stone, G. D. Leslie, P. G. Morris, J. R. Reid, Frank Holl.—The portrait painters: Ouless, J. J. Shannon, James Sant, Charles W. Furse, Hubert Herkomer.—Landscape painters.—Zigzag development of English landscape painting.—The school of Fontainebleau and French Impressionism rose on the shoulders of Constable and Turner, whereas England, under the guidance of the pre-Raphaelites, deviated in the opposite direction until prompted by France to return to the old path.—Cecil Lawson, James Clarke Hook, Vicat Cole, Colin Hunter, John Brett, Inchbold, Leader, Corbett, Ernest Parton, Mark Fisher, John White, Alfred East, J. Aumonier.—The sea painters: Henry Moore, W. L. Wyllie.—The importance of Venice to English painting: Clara Montalba, Luke Fildes, W. Logsdail, Henry Woods.—French influences: Dudley Hardy, Stott of Oldham, Stanhope Forbes, J. W. Waterhouse, Byam Shaw, G. E. Moira, R. Anning Bell, Maurice Greiffenhagen, F. Cayley Robinson, Eleanor Brickdale

341

BIBLIOGRAPHY

405

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES IN COLOUR   PAGE Adolf Von Menzel: Restaurant at the Paris Exhibition, 1867 Frontispiece Millais: The Vale of Rest Facing p. 28 Degas: The Ballet Scene from Robert the Devil ”  118 Monet: A Study ”  138 Rossetti: The Day-Dream ”  160 Burne-Jones: The Mill ”  176 L’Hermitte: The Pardon of Plourin ”  266 Raffaelli: The Highroad to Argenteuil ”  274 Carrière: School-Work ”  304 Segantini: Maternity ”  338 Alma-Tadema: The Visit ”  354 Colin Hunter: Their only Harvest ”  394 IN BLACK AND WHITE PAGE Alma Tadema, Laurens. Sappho 354 Aman-Jean, Edmond. Sous la Guerlanda 303 An Unknown Master. Harvesters resting 97 Ansdell, Richard. A Setter and Grouse 37 Aumonier, M. J. The Silver Lining to the Cloud 394 Bastien-Lepage, Jules. Portrait of Jules Bastien-Lepage 256 Portrait of his Grandfather

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@44082@[email protected]#page257" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">257 The Flower Girl 258 Sarah Bernhardt 259 Mme. Drouet 260 The Hay Harvest 261 Le Père Jacques 262 Joan of Arc 263 The Beggar 264 The Pond at Damvillers 265 The Haymaker 266 Bell, R. Anning. Oberon and Titania with their Train 398, 399 Benliure y Gil. A Vision in the Colosseum 321 Besnard, Paul Albert. Evening 299 Portrait of Mlles. D. 301 Boecklin, Arnold. Portrait of Himself 227 A Villa by the Sea 229 A Rocky Chasm 231 The Penitent 232 Pan startling a Goat-Herd 234 The Herd 235 Venus despatching Cupid 237 Flora 241 In the Trough of the Waves 242 The Shepherd’s Plaint 243 An Idyll of the Sea 244 Vita Somnium Breve 245 The Isle of the Dead 246 Boldini, Giovanni. Giuseppe Verdi 290 Boudin, Eugène Louis. The Port of Trouville 289 Boughton, George. Green Leaves among the Sere 367 Snow in Spring 368 A Breath of Wind 369 The Bearers of the Burden 370 Brangwyn. Illustration to the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám 401 Brown, Ford Madox. Portrait of Himself 10 Lear and Cordelia 11 Romeo and Juliet 13 Christ washing Peter’s Feet 15 The Last of England 29 Work 31 Burne-Jones, Sir Edward. Chant d’Amour 169 The Days of Creation 170, 171 Circe 172 Pygmalion (the Soul attains) 173 Perseus and Andromeda 175 The Annunciation 176 The Enchantment of Merlin 177 The Sea Nymph 178 The Golden Stairs 179 The Wood Nymph 181 Butin, Ulysse. Portrait of Ulysse Butin 278 The Departure 279 Caldecott, Randolph. The Girl I left behind Me 363 Carrière, Eugène. Motherhood 297 Casado del Alisal. The Bells of Huesca 323 Cazin, Jean Charles. Judith 295 Hagar and Ishmael 296 Crane, Walter. The Chariots of the Fleeting Hours 193 From The Tempest 194 From The Tempest 195 Dagnan-Bouveret, Pascal Adolphe Jean. Consecrated Bread 284 Bretonnes au Pardon 285 The Nuptial Benediction 286 Dantan, Edouard. A Plaster Cast from Nature 280 Degas, Hilaire Germain Edgard. The

Ballet in Don Juan 119 A Ballet-Dancer 121 Horses in a Meadow 122 Dancing Girl fastening her Shoe 123 Diez, Wilhelm. Returning from Market 61 Duez, Ernest. On the Cliff 282 The End of October 283 Dyce, William. Jacob and Rachel 5 Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock. Christ blessing little Children 3 Favretto, Giacomo. On the Piazzetta 331 Susanna and the Elders 333 Fildes, Luke. Venetian Women 396 Forain, J. L. At the Folies-Bergères 293 Forbes, Stanhope. The Lighthouse 397 Fortuny, Mariano. Portrait of Mariano Fortuny 309 The Spanish Marriage (La Vicaria) 310 The Trial of the Model 311 The Snake Charmers 312 Moors playing with a Vulture 313 The China Vase 314 At the Gate of the Seraglio 315 Furse, Charles W. Frontispiece to “Stories and Interludes” 381 Gervex. Dr. Péan at La Salpétrière 281 Güssow, Karl. The Architect 53 Harunobu. A Pair of Lovers 101 Heilbuth, Ferdinand. Fine Weather 277 Herkomer, Hubert. John Ruskin 382 Charterhouse Chapel 383 Portrait of his Father 384 Hard Times 385 The Last Muster 387 Found 389 Hiroshige. The Bridge at Yeddo 93 A High Road 94 A Landscape 95 Snowy Weather 96 Hirth, Rudolf du Frénes. The Hop Harvest 70 Hokusai. Hokusai in the Costume of a Japanese Warrior 82 Women Bathing 83 Fusiyama seen through a Sail 84 Fusiyama seen through Reeds 85 An Apparition 86 Hokusai sketching the Peerless Mountain 87 Holl, Frank. “The Lord gave, the Lord hath taken away; Blessed be the Name of the Lord” 373 Leaving Home 374 Ordered to the Front 375 Hunt, William Holman. The Scapegoat 8 The Light of the World 9 Hunter, Colin. The Herring Market at Sea 393 Kaulbach, Fritz August. The Lute Player 64 Kiyonaga. Ladies Boating 99 Korin. Landscape 89 Rabbits 91 Lawson, Cecil. The Minister’s Garden 391 Leibl, Wilhelm. Portrait of Wilhelm Leibl 71 In the Studio 72 The Village Politicians 73 The New Paper 74 In Church 75 A Peasant drinking 76 In the Peasant’s Cottage 77 A Tailor’s Workshop 79 Leighton, Lord. Portrait of Lord Leighton,

P.R.A. 343 Captive Andromache 345 Sir Richard Burton 347 The Last Watch of Hero 348 The Bath of Psyche 349 Lenbach, Franz. Portrait of Franz Lenbach 65 Portrait of Wilhelm I. 66 Portrait of Prince Bismarck 67 The Shepherd Boy 68 L’Hermitte, Léon. Pay time in Harvest 267 Portrait of Léon L’Hermitte 268 Manet, Édouard. Portrait of Édouard Manet 107 The Fifer 108 The Guitarero 109 Le Bon Bock 110 A Garden in Rueil 111 The Fight between the “Kearsarge” and “Alabama” 114 Boating 115 A Bar at the Folies Bergères 116 Spring: Jeanne 117 Mason, George Hemming. The End of the Day 365 Menzel, Adolf. Portrait of Adolf Menze 40 From Kugler’s History of Friedrich the Great 41 The Coronation of King Wilhelm I. 43 From Kugler’s History of Friedrich the Great 45 The Damenstiftskirche at Munich 46 King Wilhelm setting out to join the Army 47 The Iron Mill 49 Sunday in the Tuileries Gardens 51 A Levee 52 Meyer, Claus. The Smoking Party 63 Michetti, Francesco Paolo. Going to Church 329 The Corpus Domini Procession at Chieti 330 Millais, Sir John Everett. Portrait of Sir John Everett Millais 16 Lorenzo and Isabella 17 The North-West Passage 19 The Huguenot 20 Autumn Leaves 21 The Yeoman of the Guard 22 The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone 23 Yes or No 25 Mrs. Bischoffsheim 26 Thomas Carlyle 27 Monet, Claude. Portrait of Claude Monet 139 Monet’s Home at Giverny 140 Morning on the Seine 141 A Walk in Grey Weather 143 The Church at Varangéville 144 River Scene 145 The Rocks at Bell-Isle 147 Hay-Ricks 148 A View of Rouen 149 Moore, Albert. Portrait of Albert Moore 355 Midsummer 356 Companions 357 Yellow Marguerites 359 Waiting to Cross 360 Reading Aloud 361 Moore, Henry. Mount’s Bay 395 Moreau, Gustave. The Young Man and Death 213 Orpheus 214 Design for Enamel 215 The Plaint of the Poet 216 The Apparition 217 Morelli, Domenico. The Temptation of St. Anthony 327 Nittis, Giuseppe de. Paris Races 276 Okio. A Carp

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@44082@[email protected]#page92" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">92 Ouless, Walter William. Lord Kelvin 377 Outamaro. Mother’s Love 98 Paton, Sir Joseph Noël. The Reconciliation of Oberon and Titania 7 Pettenkofen, August von. Portrait of August von Pettenkofen 56 A Woman Spinning 57 In the Convent Yard 59 Phillip, John. The Letter-Writer, Seville 33 Spanish Sisters 35 Pissarro, Camille. Sitting up 133 Rouen 135 Sydenham Church 136 Pissarro, Lucien. Solitude 287 Ruth 288 Poynter, Edward. Idle Fear 350 The Ides of March 351 A Visit to Æsculapius 353 Pradilla, Francisco. The Surrender of Granada 317 On the Beach 319 Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre. Portrait of Pierre de Chavannes 218 A Vision of Antiquity 219 The Beheading of John the Baptist 220 The Threadspinner 221 The Poor Fisherman 223 Summer 224 Autumn 225 Raffaëlli, Francisque Jean. Place St. Sulpice 271 The Midday Soup 272 The Carrier’s Cart 273 Paris, 4K. 1 274 Le Chiffonier 275 Ramberg, Arthur von. The Meeting on the Lake 69 Reid, John Robertson. Toil and Pleasure 371 Renoir, Firmin Auguste. Supper at Bougival 125 The Woman with the Fan 126 Fisher Children by the Sea 127 The Woman with the Cat 129 A Private Box 130 The Terrace 131 Robinson, F. Cayley. A Winter Evening 403 Roll, Alfred. The Woman with a Bull 269 Manda Lamétrie, Fermière 270 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti 153 Beata Beatrix 154 Monna Rosa 155 Ecce Ancilla Domini 157 Sancta Lilias 158 Astarte Syriaca 159 Study for Astarte Syriaca 161 Dante’s Dream 163 Rosa Triplex 165 Sir Galahad 166 Mary Magdalene at the House of Simon the Pharisee 167 Sant, James. The Music Lesson 379 Sisley, Alfred. Outskirts of a Wood 137 Stanhope, R. Spencer. The Waters of Lethe 183 Strudwick, J. M. Elaine 185 Thy Tuneful Strings wake Memories 186 Gentle Music of a bygone Day 187 The Ramparts of God’s House 189 The Ten Virgins 191 Tanyu. The God Hoteï on a Journey 88 Tito, Ettore. The Slipper Seller 335 Toyokumi. Nocturnal Reverie

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@44082@[email protected]#page103" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">103 Villegas, José. Death of the Matador 320 Walker, Frederick. The Bathers 366 Watts, George Frederick. G. F. Watts in his Garden 196 Lady Lindsay 197 Hope 198 Paolo and Francesca 199 Love and Death 201 Ariadne 203 Orpheus and Eurydice 205 Artemis and Endymion 207 Willette, Adolfe. The Golden Age 291