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Please see Transcriber’s Notes at the end of this document.
THE
HUMAN RACE.
P. Sellier, p.t Imp. Dupuy, 22, R. des Petits Hôtels G. Regamey, lith. NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN RED RACE
THE
HUMAN RACE.
BY
LOUIS FIGUIER.
ILLUSTRATED BY
TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-THREE ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD,
AND EIGHT CHROMOLITHOGRAPHS.
NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON AND CO., BROADWAY.
1872.
LONDON:
BRADBURY, EVANS, AND CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION. PAGE CHAPTER I.—Definition of Man—How he differs from other Animals—Origin of Man—In what parts of the Earth did he first appear?—Unity of Mankind, evidence in support—What is understood by species in Natural History—Man forms but one species, with its varieties or kinds—Classification of the Human Race 1 CHAPTER II.—General characteristics of the human race—Organic characteristics—Senses and the nervous system—Height—Skeleton—Cranium and face—Colour of the skin—Physiological functions—Intellectual characteristics—Properties of human intelligence—Languages and literature—Different states of society—Primitive industry—The two ages of prehistoric humanity 21THE WHITE RACE. CHAPTER I. EUROPEAN BRANCH 41 TEUTONIC FAMILY 41 LATIN FAMILY 66 SLAVONIAN FAMILY 113 GREEK FAMILY 149 CHAPTER II. ARAMEAN BRANCH 163 LIBYAN FAMILY 163 SEMITIC FAMILY 183 PERSIAN FAMILY 190 GEORGIAN FAMILY 203 CIRCASSIAN FAMILY 203
THE YELLOW RACE. CHAPTER I. HYPERBOREAN BRANCH 206 LAPP FAMILY 206 SAMOIEDE FAMILY 209 KAMTSCHADALE FAMILY 209 ESQUIMAUX FAMILY 211 TEMISIAN FAMILY 217 JUKAGHIRITE AND KORIAK FAMILIES 217 CHAPTER II. MONGOLIAN BRANCH 218 MONGOL FAMILY 218 TUNGUSIAN FAMILY 223 YAKUT FAMILY 223 TURKISH FAMILY 229 CHAPTER III. SINAIC BRANCH 254 CHINESE FAMILY 256 JAPANESE FAMILY 302 INDO-CHINESE FAMILY 324
THE BROWN RACE. CHAPTER I. HINDOO BRANCH 336 HINDOO FAMILY 339 MALABAR FAMILY 354 CHAPTER II. ETHIOPIAN BRANCH 355 ABYSSINIAN FAMILY 355 FELLAN FAMILY 363 CHAPTER III. MALAY BRANCH 365 MALAY FAMILY 365 POLYNESIAN FAMILY 380 MICRONESIAN FAMILY 400
THE RED RACE. CHAPTER I. SOUTHERN BRANCH 407 ANDIAN FAMILY 407 PAMPEAN FAMILY 419 GUARANY FAMILY 433 CHAPTER II. NORTHERN BRANCH 452 SOUTHERN FAMILY 452 NORTH-EASTERN FAMILY 460
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NORTH-WESTERN FAMILY 492
THE BLACK RACE. CHAPTER I. WESTERN BRANCH 495 CAFFRE FAMILY 495 HOTTENTOT FAMILY 498 NEGRO FAMILY 500 CHAPTER II. EASTERN BRANCH 518 PAPUAN FAMILY 518 ANDAMAN FAMILY 531
THE BLACK RACE. CHAPTER I. WESTERN BRANCH 495 CAFFRE FAMILY 495 HOTTENTOT FAMILY 498 NEGRO FAMILY 500 CHAPTER II. EASTERN BRANCH 518 PAPUAN FAMILY 518 ANDAMAN FAMILY 531
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
RED RACE: NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN, SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN THE WHITE RACE. FIG. PAGE 1. —MEN AND WOMEN OF ANATOLIA 5 2. —SAMOIEDES OF THE NORTH CAPE 7 WHITE OR CAUCASIAN RACE: SCANDINAVIAN, GREEK 3. —WAKE OF ICELANDIC PEASANTS IN A BARN 42 4. —WOMEN OF STAVANGER, NORWAY 43 5. —CITIZEN OF STAVANGER 44 6. —COSTUMES OF THE TELEMARK (NORWAY) 45 7. —WOMEN OF CHRISTIANSUND (NORWAY) 46 8. —BOY AND GIRL OF THE LAWERGRAND (NORWAY) 47 9, 10.—SUABIANS (STUTTGARD) 48 11, 12.—SUABIANS (STUTTGARD) 50 13. —BAVARIANS 52 14. —BADENERS 53 15. —ENGLISHMAN 63 16. —DRUIDS, GAULS, AND FRANKS 70 17. —FRENCHMAN 75 18. —CATTLE-DEALER OF CORDOVA 81 19. —NATIVES OF TOLEDO 83 20. —SPANISH PEASANT 84 21. —A MADRID WINE-SHOP 85 22. —SPANISH LADY AND DUENNA 88 23. —THE FANDANGO 89 24. —THE BOLERO 91 25. —FISH VENDORS AT OPORTO 92 26. —ROMAN PEASANT GIRL 94 27. —ROMAN PEASANTS 95 28. —YOUNG GIRL OF THE TRANSTEVERA 96 29. —STREET AT TIVOLI 98 30. —A CARDINAL ENTERING THE VATICAN 99 31. —EXALTATION OF POPE PIUS IX. 100 32. —A MACARONI SHOP AT NAPLES 103 33. —NEAPOLITAN ICED-WATER SELLER 104 34. —NEAPOLITAN PEASANT WOMAN 104 35. —ITINERANT TRADER OF NAPLES 105 36. —AN ACQUAJOLO, AT NAPLES 106 37. —WALACHIAN 108 38. —LADY OF BUCHAREST 110 39. —WALACHIAN WOMAN 111 40. —NOBLE BOSNIAK MUSSULMAN 112 41. —RUSSIAN SENTINEL, RIGA 115 42. —RUSSIAN DEVOTEES, RIGA 117 43. —TRAFFIC IN ST. PETERSBURG 121 44. —A RUSSIAN TAVERN 122 45. —INTERIOR OF AN ISBA 123 46. —LIVONIAN PEASANTS 124 47. —TARTAR OF KASAK 125 48. —TARTAR OF THE CAUCASUS 126 49. —TARTAR OF THE CAUCASUS
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bot">127 50. —RUSSIAN NORTH-SEA PILOT 128 51. —OSTIAK HUT 130 52. —ISIGANE OF VOAKOVAR 131 53. —SLAVONIAN PEASANT 132 54. —A PEASANT OF ESSEK 133 55. —HERDSMEN OF THE MILITARY CONFINES 135 56. —WOMAN OF THE MILITARY CONFINES 136 57. —GRÄNZERS, AND THEIR GUARD-HOUSE 138 58. —TSIGANE PRISONER 139 59. —BOSNIAK PEASANT 142 60. —BOSNIAK PEASANT WOMAN 143 61. —BOSNIAK MERCHANT 144 62. —WOMEN OF PESTH 145 63. —HUNGARIANS 146 64. —A HUNGARIAN GENTLEMAN 147 65. —HUNGARIANS 148 66. —GREEKS OF ATHENS 151 67. —A GREEK HOUSEHOLD 153 68. —INTERIOR OF THE AGORA AT ATHENS 156 69. —FÊTE OF THE TEMPLE OF JUPITER, ATHENS 159 WHITE OR CAUCASIAN RACE: GEORGEAN, ARAB 70. —ALBANIAN WOMAN 161 PORTRAIT OF AN ARMENIAN 71. —MOORISH COFFEE-HOUSE AT SIDI-BOW-SAID, NEAR TUNIS 164 72. —GRINDING WHEAT IN THE KABYLIA 169 73. —KABYLE JEWELLERS 171 74. —KOPTS OF THE TEMPLE OF KRANAH 175 75. —A FELLAH WOMAN AND CHILDREN 177 76. —A FELLAH DONKEY BOY 178 77. —A LADY OF CAIRO 181 78. —ALMA OR DANCING GIRL 182 79. —WANDERING ARABS 185 80. —JEW OF BUCHAREST 186 81. —BEYROUT 187 82. —MARONITES OF LIBANUS 189 83. —HADY-MERZA-AGHAZZI 192 84. —PERSIAN TYPES 194 85. —PERSIAN NOBLEMEN 195 86. —PERSIAN WOMEN 196 87. —LOUTY AND BAKTYAN 197 88. —AN ARMENIAN DRAWING-ROOM 200 89. —GEORGIANS 202 THE YELLOW RACE. 90. —LAPLANDERS 207 91. —A LAPP CRADLE 209 92. —SAMOIEDES 210 93. —ESQUIMAUX SUMMER ENCAMPMENT 212 94. —ESQUIMAUX WINTER ENCAMPMENT 213 95. —ESQUIMAUX VILLAGE 214 96. —ESQUIMAUX CHIEF 215 97. —ESQUIMAUX BIRD-CATCHER 216 98. —YOUNG ESQUIMAUX 217 99. —A MONGOL TARTAR 219 100. —BURÏATS ESCORTING MISS CHRISTIANI 222 101. —MANCHÚS SOLDIERS 224 YELLOW OR MONGOLIAN RACE: MONGOLIAN, ESQUIMAUX 102. —YAKUTS 225 103. —A YAKUT WOMAN 227 104. —YAKUT VILLAGERS 230 105. —YAKUT PRIESTS 231 106. —TURCOMAN ENCAMPMENT 234
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">107. —KIRGHIS FUNERAL RITES 237 108. —A HAREM 241 109. —A HAREM SUPPER 243 110. —TURKISH LADIES VISITING 245 111. —A TURKISH BARBER 249 112. —TURKISH PORTER 251 113. —INDO-CHINESE OF STUNG TRENG 254 114. —INDO-CHINESE OF LAOS 255 115. —A YOUNG CHINESE 257 116. —CHINESE SHOPKEEPER 258 117. —CHINESE LADY 259 118. —CHINESE WOMAN 260 119. —MANDARIN’S DAUGHTER 261 120. —CHINESE BOUDOIR 264 121. —CHINESE SITTING-ROOM 269 122. —OPIUM-SMOKERS 271 123. —CHINESE AGRICULTURE 273 124. —CHINESE FISHING 275 125. —THE CUSTOM-HOUSE AT SHANGHAI 277 YELLOW OR MONGOLIAN RACE: JAPANESE, CHINESE 126. —CHINESE BONZE 281 127. —CHINESE SCHOOLMASTER 283 128. —CHINESE LOCOMOTION 285 129. —A CHINESE PLAY 289 130. —A CHINESE JUNK 291 131. —CHINESE BEGGARS 293 132. —CHINESE PUNISHMENTS 295 133. —CHINESE PUNISHMENTS 296 134. —A CHINESE COURT OF JUSTICE 297 135. —CHINESE SOLDIERS 299 136. —CHINESE TROOPER 300 137. —THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA 301 138. —JAPANESE 304 139. —A JAPANESE FATHER 305 140. —JAPANESE SOLDIER 306 141. —JAPANESE NOBLE 307 142. —JAPANESE PALANQUIN 311 143. —THE TAÏCOON’S GUARDS 315 144. —A LADY OF THE COURT 317 145. —A KAMIS TEMPLE, JAPAN 321 146. —JAPANESE PAGODA 323 147. —BURMESE NOBLES 325 148. —BURMESE LADY 326 149. —WOMEN OF BANKOK 327 150. —SIAMESE DOMESTIC 328 151. —SIAMESE LADIES DINING 329 152. —TOMB OF A BONZE, AT LAOS 330 153. —CAMBODIANS 331 154. —THE PRINCE-ROYAL OF SIAM 333 155. —CHINESE GIRL 334 THE BROWN RACE. 156. —NATIVES OF HYDERABAD 337 157. —A BANIAN OF SURAT 338 158. —AN AGED SIKH 339 159. —A PARSEE GENTLEMAN 341 160. —SIR SALAR JUNG, K.S.I. 343 161. —NAUTCH GIRL OF BARODA 345 162. —A COOLIE OF THE GHATS 347 163. —PAGODA AT SIRRHINGHAM 349 164. —PALANQUIN 352 165. —ABYSSINIAN 355
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">166. —NOUERS OF THE WHITE NILE 356 167. —A NOUER CHIEF 358 168. —CHIEF OF THE LIRA 359 169. —MALAY “RUNNING A MUCK” 367 BROWN RACE: POLYNESIAN, MALAY 170. —MALAY 369 171. —JAVANESE 369 172. —JAVANESE DANCING GIRLS 371 173. —JAVANESE WEDDING 372 174. —DYAKS 377 175. —A DYAK HUT 379 176. —NEW ZEALAND CHIEF 383 177. —NATIVE OF TAHITI 393 178. —NATIVE OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 398 BROWN RACE: ABYSSINIAN, HINDOO THE RED RACE. 179. —HUASCAR, THIRTEENTH EMPEROR OF THE INCAS 408 180. —COYA CAHUANA, EMPRESS OF THE INCAS 409 181. —AN ANTIS INDIAN 411 182. —AN ANTIS INDIAN 412 183. —SUMMER SHED OF THE ANTIS 413 184. —ANTIS INDIANS FISHING 414 185. —PERUVIAN INTERPRETER 415 186. —ARAUCANIAN 417 187. —PECHERAY HUTS 418 188. —PATAGONIAN 422 189. —A PATAGONIAN HORSE SACRIFICE 423 190. —A BOLIVIAN CHIEF 426 191. —A BOAT ON THE RIO NEGRO 429 192. —EXAMINADOR OF CHILI 432 193. —A PARAGUAYAN MESSENGER 437 194. —BRAZILIAN NEGRO 440 195. —INDIAN WOMAN OF BRAZIL 441 196. —NATIVE OF MANAOS, BRAZIL 443 197. —BRAZILIAN NEGRESSES 445 198. —BRAZILIAN DWELLING 446 199. —NEGROS OF BAHIA 447 200. —NATIVES OF FRENCH GUYANA 449 201. —BOTOCUDOS 451 202. —INDIAN OF THE MEXICAN COAST 453 203, 204.—INDIANS OF THE MEXICAN COAST 454 205. —MEXICAN INDIAN WOMAN 456 206. —MEXICAN PICADOR 457 207. —THE ROLDAU BRIDGE MARKET, MEXICO 458 208. —MEXICAN HATTER 459 209. —MEXICAN HAWKER 459 210. —CREEK INDIANS 463 211. —ENCAMPMENT OF SIOUX INDIANS 465 212. —SIOUX WARRIOR 466 213. —A SIOUX CHIEF 467 214. —CROW INDIANS IN COUNCIL 470 215. —PAWNEE INDIANS 473 216. —A CHAYENE (SHIENNES) CHIEF 475 217. —A YUTE CHIEF 477 218. —CHOCTAW INDIANS PLAYING BALL 479 219. —COMANCHE INDIANS 481 220. —A COMANCHE CAMP 482 221. —A BUFFALO HUNT 483 222. —MOHAWK INDIANS 485 223. —FLAT-HEAD INDIANS 487 224. —NAYA INDIANS 489
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href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@41849@[email protected]#Fig225" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">225. —A CROW CHIEF 491 THE BLACK RACE. 226. —A CAFFRE 496 227. —NATIVE OF THE MOZAMBIQUE COAST 497 228. —THE HOTTENTOT VENUS 499 229. —A ZANZIBAR NEGRO 503 230. —ZANZIBAR NEGRESSES 507 231. —A NEGRO VILLAGE 511 232. —FISHING ON THE UPPER SENEGAL 513 233. —A ZAMBESI NEGRESS 515 BLACK RACE: PAPOUAN, NEGRO OF NEW GUINEA 234. —THAKOMBAU, KING OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 520 235. —NATIVE OF FIJI 521 236. —NATIVE OF FIJI 522 237. —A TEMPLE OF CANNIBALISM 523 238. —A FIJIAN DANCE 525 239. —YOUNG NATIVE OF NEW CALEDONIA 527 240. —NATIVE OF NEW CALEDONIA 529 241. —ENCAMPMENT OF NATIVE AUSTRALIANS 533 242. —NATIVE AUSTRALIAN 535 243. —AN AUSTRALIAN GRAVE 536