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The Sages and Heroes of the American Revolution
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The Sages and Heroes of the American Revolution

by Judson L Carroll (Levi Carroll)

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Transcriber's Note

  • The table of contents and chapter headings have been maintained as in the original text. In the table of contents, all names (which act as chapter and section headings) are listed in alphabetical order in the format Lastname Firstname. In Part I of the main body the chapter headings are in the format Firstname Lastname. The section headings in Part II are in the format Lastname Firstname.
  • The position of some illustrations has been changed to better fit with the context.
  • Illustration captions in {brackets} have been added by the transcriber for reader convenience.
  • In general, geographical references, spelling, hyphenation, and capitalization have been retained as in the original publication. This includes a number of inconsistencies across the text. For example, the Whiskey Rebellion of Pennsylvania is referred to using both the spellings whiskey and whisky. Also, variations of yoemanry (yeomanry, yoemanry).
  • Minor typographical errors—usually periods and commas—have been corrected without note.
  • Significant typographical errors have been corrected and are marked with dotted underlines. Place your mouse over the highlighted word and the original text will appear. A full list of these same corrections is also available in the Transcriber's Corrections section at the end of the book.
ENGRAVED BY T.B. WELCH FROM A PORTRAIT BY G. STUART.

THE

SAGES AND HEROES

OF THE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

IN TWO PARTS

INCLUDING THE SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY THREE OF THE SAGES AND
HEROES ARE PRESENTED IN DUE FORM

AND MANY OTHERS ARE NAMED INCIDENTALLY.



BY L. CARROLL JUDSON,
AUTHOR OF A BIOGRAPHY OF THE SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,
MORAL PROBE, ET CET. ET CET.

REVISED.


STEREOTYPE EDITION.




PHILADELPHIA:
MOSS & BROTHER.
1854.

Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1851,

By L. Carroll Judson,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.


Transferred to Moss & Brother.


Stereotyped by Slote & Mooney, Philadelphia.


Kite & Walton,
Printers.

PREFACE.

This volume contains the condensed substance of more expensive works that have been published relative to the men and times of the American Revolution. The character and acts of the most prominent Sages and Heroes of that eventful era are delineated. A sufficient amount of documentary matter is inserted to enable the reader to fully understand the causes, progress and triumphant termination of that sanguinary struggle that resulted in Freedom to the new world and prepared an asylum for the oppressed. The French and Indian wars are prominently noticed. More Revolutionary names are rescued from oblivion in this book than in any other extant. I have introduced many practical remarks intended to rouse the reflective powers of the immortal mind and increase a patriotic love for our expanding Republic and glorious institutions. These remarks are designed to be living epistles animated with "thoughts that breathe and words that burn." There are many festering wounds on our body politic that need probing to the bottom—cancers that require the best treatment of the boldest operators in moral, religious and political surgery. The text is concise and not dressed in the dogmatical garb of arbitrary punctuation. In preparing the historical part I have consulted numerous documents and the most approved works in our libraries. Once for all I award a general credit. The relation of events is usually in my own plain laconic language. I believe this volume as free from errors as any of its illustrious predecessors. It has long been a cherished desideratum in my mind to place this multum in parvo within the reach of every working man in our land. I have exerted my best efforts to make it interesting and instructive by blending a perspective chart of human nature with the thrilling history of the times that tried the souls of the patriots of '76. It is my ardent desire that it may prove beneficial to readers and publisher.

L. CARROLL JUDSON,
of the Philadelphia Bar.

Philadelphia, March 4, 1851.

[Pg iv]
[Pg v]

CONTENTS.

PART I.

Adams John               7Adams Samuel            24Arnold Benedict         32Barney Joshua           39Bartlett Josiah         49Braxton Carter          54Butler Zebulon          58Carroll Charles         63Chase Samuel            68Clark Abraham           77Clymer George          
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">80Dickinson John          87Ellery William          90Floyd William           96Franklin Benjamin      101Gates Horatio          110Gerry Elbridge         114Greene Nathaniel       121Gwinnett Button        129Hall Lyman             132Hancock John           135Harrison Benjamin      141Hart John              148Henry Patrick          151Hewes Joseph           161
Heyward Thomas         168Hopkins Stephen        172Hopkinson Francis      179Hooper William         182Huntington Samuel      186Irvine William         189Jefferson Thomas       191Kalb Baron de          205La Fayette G.M. de     208Lee Francis Lightfoot  219Lee Richard Henry      228Lewis Francis          230Livingston Philip      233Lynch Thomas Jr.       237McKean Thomas          240Marion Francis         246Middleton Arthur       251Morris Lewis           255Morris Robert          261Morton John            267Nelson Thomas          270Otis James             278Paca William           280Paine Robert Treat     284Penn John              288
Quincy Josiah          294Read George            296Rodney Cæsar           300Ross
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George            306Rush Benjamin          311Rutledge Edward        316Sherman Roger          321Smith James            329Stark John             336Stockton Richard       343Stone Thomas           348Taylor George          352Thornton Matthew       355Varnum Joseph B.       359Walton George          361Warren Joseph          366Washington George      368Wayne Anthony          379Whipple William Jr.    387Williams William       391Wilson James           394Witherspoon John       399Wolcott Oliver         404Wythe George           406Yates Robert           410

PART II.

Allen Ethan            415Allen Ebenezer         416Allen Moses            416Alexander William      416Armstrong John         416Barry John             416Beatty William         417Biddle Nicholas        417Bland Theodoric        418Blount Thomas          418Boudinot Elias         419Bowdoin James          419Bradford William       419Broad Hezekiah         419Brooks Eleazer         419Brooks John            420Brown Andrew           420Brown John             420Brown Moses            420Brown Robert           420Bryan George          
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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">421Burd Benjamin          421Burr Aaron             421Butler Richard         422Butler Thomas          422Cadwalader Thomas      423Caswell Richard        423Champe John            423Chrystie James         424Clark George Rogers    424Clinton Charles        424Clinton George         425Clinton James          425Comstock Adam          425Coward Joseph          426Croghan William        426Cropper John           426Cushing Thomas         427Dale Richard           427Darke William          427Davie Richardson W.    427Davidson William       428Dickinson Philemon     428Drayton Wm. Henry      429Dyer Eliphalet         430Elsworth Oliver        430Forrest Uriah          430Gadsden Christopher    430Gansevoort Peter       431Gibson John            432Gibson George          432Greene Christopher     433Graeff George          433Griffin Cyrus          433Gurney Francis         434Gwinn William          434
Hale Nathan            434Hamilton Alexander     435Hamilton Paul          436Hathaway Benoni        436Hawkins Nathan         437Hawley Joseph          437Hayne Isaac            437Heath William          437Heston Edward         
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href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@33905@[email protected]#Page_438" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">438Holden Levi            438Houston John           438Howard John Eager      439Humphrey David         439Huntington Jedediah    439Irvine Andrew          440Irwin Jared            440Jackson Andrew         440Jackson James          441James John             441Jasper William         442Jay John               443Johnson Francis        443Johnson Samuel         443Johnson William        443Jones John Paul        444Kennard Nathaniel      445King Rufus             445Kirkwood Robert        445Knowlton Thomas        446Knox Henry             446Kosciuszco Thaddeus    446Lacy John              447Laurens Henry          448Laurens John           449Ledyard William        449Lee Arthur             449Lee Charles            450Lee Henry              450Lee Ezra               451Lee Thomas Sim         451Lincoln Benjamin       451Lippitt Christopher    452Livingston Robert R.   452Livingston William     453McClintock Nathaniel   453McKinstry John         453McPherson William      454Madison James          454Manly John             454Marshall John          455Mathews Thomas         455Mercer Hugh            455Meigs Return Jona'n   
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href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@33905@[email protected]#Page_456" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">456Mifflin Thomas         457Miller Henry           457Monroe James           457
Montgomery Richard     458Morgan Daniel          458Morgan John            459Morris Governeur       459Moultrie William       459Muhlenberg Peter       460Nicholson James        460Ogden Matthias         461Olney Jeremiah         461Orr John               461Paine Thomas           461Parsons Samuel H.      462Paulding John          462Peters Nathan          462Peters Richard         463Pettit Charles         463Pickering Timothy      463Pickens Andrew         464Porter Andrew          464Preble Edward          465Prescott William       466Prioleau Samuel        466Pulaski Count          466Putnam Israel          467Putnam Rufus           467Ramsay David           468Randolph Edmund        468Randolph Peyton        468Reed Joseph            468Revere Paul            469Sargent Winthrop       469Scammel Alexander      469St. Clair Arthur       470Schaick Gosen Van      470Schuyler Philip        470Sedgewick Theodore     471Sergeant Jonathan D.   471Smallwood William      472Steuben Francis Wm.
   Augustus Baron de   472Strong Caleb           472Sullivan
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John          472Sullivan James         473Stevens Edward         473Thomas John            473Thomas Thomas          474Truxton Thomas         474Wadsworth Jeremiah     474Ward Henry             475Washington William     475Wheelock John          476Williams Otho H.       476Winder Levin           476Wolcott Erastus        476Wooster David          476Wyllis Samuel          477