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قراءة كتاب Wage Earning and Education
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WAGE EARNING AND EDUCATION
THE SURVEY COMMITTEE OF THE
CLEVELAND FOUNDATION
Charles E. Adams, Chairman
Thomas G. Fitzsimons
Myrta L. Jones
Bascom Little
Victor W. Sincere
———
Arthur D. Baldwin, Secretary
James R. Garfield, Counsel
Allen T. Burns, Director
THE EDUCATION SURVEY
Leonard P. Ayres, Director
CLEVELAND EDUCATION SURVEY
WAGE EARNING AND EDUCATION
BY
R.R. LUTZ
THE SURVEY COMMITTEE OF THE
CLEVELAND FOUNDATION
CLEVELAND · OHIO
1916
Copyright, 1916, BY
THE SURVEY COMMITTEE OF THE
CLEVELAND FOUNDATION
WM. F. FELL CO. PRINTERS
PHILADELPHIA
FOREWORD
This summary volume, entitled "Wage Earning and Education," is one of the 25 sections of the report of the Education Survey of Cleveland conducted by the Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation in 1915 and 1916. Copies of all the publications may be obtained from the Cleveland Foundation. They may also be obtained from the Division of Education of the Russell Sage Foundation, New York City. A complete list will be found in the back of this volume, together with prices.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| Foreword | 5 | |
| List of Tables | 10 | |
| List of Diagrams | 12 | |
| Chapter | ||
| I. The Industrial Education Survey | 13 | |
| Types of occupations studied | 13 | |
| The Survey staff and methods of work | 14 | |
| II. Forecasting Future Probabilities | 18 | |
| The popular concept of industrial education | 19 | |
| The importance of relative numbers | 20 | |
| A constructive program must fit the facts | 23 | |
| An actuarial basis for industrial education | 24 | |
| III. The Wage Earners of Cleveland | 25 | |
| IV. The Future Wage Earners of Cleveland | 29 | |
| The public schools | 29 | |
| Ages of pupils | 32 | |
| Education at the time of leaving school | 34 | |
| V. Industrial Training for Boys in Elementary Schools | 38 | |
| What the boys in school will do | 40 | |
| Organization and costs | 44 | |
| What the elementary schools can do | 45 | |
| VI. The Junior High School | 47 | |
| Specialized training not practicable | 48 | |
| A general industrial course | 49 | |
| Industrial mathematics | 52 | |
| Mechanical Drawing | 54 | |
| Industrial science | 55 | |
| Shop work | 56 | |
| Vocational information | 58 | |
| VII. Trade Training During the Last Years in School | 60 | |
| The technical high schools | 62 | |
| A two-year trade course | 66 | |
| VIII. Trade-Preparatory and Trade-Extension Training for Boys and Men at Work | 69 | |
| Continuation training from 15 to 18 | 74 | |
| The technical night schools | 76 | |
| A combined program of continuation and trade-extension training | 80 | |
| IX. Vocational Training for Girls | 83 | |
| Differentiation in the junior high school | 86 | |
| Specialized training for the sewing trades | 88 | |