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قراءة كتاب The Facts About Shakespeare
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THE FACTS ABOUT
SHAKESPEARE
BY
WILLIAM ALLAN NEILSON, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY
AND
ASHLEY HORACE THORNDIKE, Ph.D., L.H.D.
PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1927
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1913,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped. Published November, 1913. Reprinted April, 1914; July, 1915; May, November, 1916; January, 1918; February, September, 1920; September, 1921; March, 1922; February, December, 1923; October, 1924; June, 1926; January, December, 1927.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY
THE BERWICK & SMITH CO.
Transcriber's Notes
Unique page headings have been retained and displayed in the left-hand margin.
Many spelling inconsistencies exist due to the historical period of the quoted sources. These, in addition to the original punctuation, have been retained.
Obvious typesetting errors have been corrected and noted in the Transcriber's Endnotes at the end of the text.
Some index entries have been re-sequenced to allow for clarity of sub-entries. These changes are recorded in the Transcriber's Endnotes along with a copy of the original text.
Contents
| CHAPTER | PAGE | |
| I. | Shakespeare's England and London | 1 |
| II. | Biographical Facts and Traditions | 17 |
| III. | Shakespeare's Reading | 50 |
| IV. | Chronology and Development | 67 |
| V. | The Elizabethan Drama | 89 |
| VI. | The Elizabethan Theater | 117 |
| VII. | The Text of Shakespeare | 131 |
| VIII. | Questions of Authenticity | 156 |
| IX. | Shakespeare since 1616 | 167 |
| X. | Conclusion | 188 |
| Appendix A. Biographical Documents and Authorities | 203 | |
| Appendix B. Index of the Characters in Shakespeare's Plays | 226 | |
| Appendix C. Index of the Songs | 241 | |
| Appendix D. Bibliography | 243 | |
| INDEX | 265 | |
THE FACTS ABOUT SHAKESPEARE
The Facts about Shakespeare
CHAPTER I
Shakespeare's England and London
Shakespeare lived in a period of change. In religion, politics, literature, and commerce, in the habits of daily living, in the world of ideas, his lifetime witnessed continual change and movement. When Elizabeth came to the throne, six years before he was born, England was still largely Catholic, as it had been for nine centuries; when she died England was Protestant, and by the date of Shakespeare's death it was well on the way to becoming Puritan. The Protestant Reformation had worked nearly its full course of revolution in ideas, habits, and beliefs. The authority of the church had been replaced by that of the Bible, of the English Bible, superbly translated by Shakespeare's contemporaries. Within his lifetime, again, England had attained a national unity and an international importance heretofore unknown. The Spanish Armada had been defeated, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united, and the first colony established in America. Even more revolutionary had been the assertion of national greatness in literature and thought. The Italian Renaissance, following the rediscovery of Greek and Roman