قراءة كتاب Vegetable Dyes: Being a Book of Recipes and Other Information Useful to the Dyer
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Vegetable Dyes: Being a Book of Recipes and Other Information Useful to the Dyer
salt.
Red bearberry. Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi.
Sloe.[A] Prunus communis. Fruit.
Whortleberry or Blaeberry. Vaccinium Myrtillus. Berries.
Woad. Isatis tinctoria.
Yellow Iris. Iris Pseudacorus. Roots.
PLANTS WHICH DYE YELLOW
Agrimony. Agrimonia Eupatoria.
Ash. Fraxinus excelsior. Fresh inner bark.
Barberry. Berberis vulgaris. Stem and root.
Birch. Leaves.
Bog Asphodel. Narthecium ossifragum.
Bog Myrtle or Sweet Gale. Myrica Gale.
Bracken. Pteris aquilina. Roots. Also young tops.
Bramble. Rubus fructicosus.
Broom. Sarothammus Scoparius.
Buckthorn. Rhamnus frangula and R. cathartica. Berries and Bark.
Common dock. Rumex obtusifolius. Root.
Crab Apple. Pyrus Malus. Fresh inner bark.
Dyer's Greenwood. Genista tinctoria. Young shoots and leaves.
Gorse. Ulex Europæus. Bark, flowers and young shoots.
Heath. Erica vulgaris. With Alum.
Hedge stachys. Stachys palustris.
Hop. Humulus lupulus.
Hornbeam. Carpinus Betulus. Bark.
Kidney Vetch. Anthyllis Vulnararia.
Ling. Caluna vulgaris.
Marsh Marigold. Caltha palustris.
Marsh potentil. Potentilla Comarum.
Meadow Rue. Thalictrum flavum.
Nettle. Urtica. With Alum.
Pear. Leaves.
Plum. "
Polygonum Hydropiper.
Polygonum Persecaria.
Poplar. Leaves.
Privet. Ligustrum vulgare. Leaves.
S. John's Wort. Hypericum perforatum.
Sawwort.[B] Serratula tinctoria.
Spindle tree. Euonymus Europæus.
Stinking Willy, or Ragweed. Senecio Jacobæa.
Sundew. Drosera.
Teasel. Dipsacus Sylvestris.
Way-faring tree. Viburnum lantana. Leaves.
Weld. Reseda luteola.
Willow.[C] Leaves.
Yellow Camomile. Anthemis tinctoria.
Yellow Centaury. Chlora perfoliata.
Yellow Corydal. Corydalis lutea.
PLANTS WHICH DYE GREEN
Elder. Sambucus nigra. Leaves with alum.
Flowering reed. Phragmites communis. Flowering tops, with copperas.
Larch. Bark, with alum.
Lily of the valley. Convalaria majalis. Leaves.
Nettle. Urtica dioica and U. Urens.
Privet. Ligustrum vulgare. Berries and leaves, with alum.
PLANTS WHICH DYE BROWN
Alder. Alnus glutinosa. Bark.
Birch. Betula alba. Bark.
Hop. Humulus lupulus. Stalks give a brownish red colour.
Onion. Skins.
Larch. Pine needles, collected in Autumn.
Oak. Quercus Robur. Bark.
Red currants, with alum.
Walnut. Root and green husks of nut.
Water Lily. Nymphæa alba. Root.
Whortleberry. Vaccinium Myrtillus. Young shoots, with nut galls.
Dulse. (Seaweed.)
Lichens.
PLANTS WHICH DYE PURPLE
Byrony. Byronia dioica. Berries.
Damson. Fruit, with alum.
Dandelion. Taraxacum Dens-leonis. Roots.
Danewort. Sambucus Ebulus. Berries.
Deadly nightshade. Atropa Belladonna.
Elder. Sambucus nigra. Berries, with alum, a violet; with alum and salt, a lilac colour.
Sundew. Drosera.
Whortleberry or blaeberry. Vaccinium myrtillus. It contains a blue or purple dye which will dye wool and silk without mordant.
PLANTS WHICH DYE BLACK
Alder. Alnus glutinosa. Bark, with copperas.
Blackberry. Rubus fruticosus. Young shoots, with salts of iron.
Dock. Rumex. Root.
Elder. Bark, with copperas.
Iris. Iris Pseudacorus. Root.
Meadowsweet. Spirea Ulmaria.
Oak. Bark and acorns.
FOOTNOTES:
[A] "On boiling sloes, their juice becomes red, and the red dye which it imparts to linen changes, when washed with soap, into a bluish colour, which is permanent."
[B] "Sawwort, which grows abundantly in meadows, affords a very fine pure yellow with alum mordant, which greatly resembles weld yellow. It is extremely permanent."
[C] "The leaves of the sweet willow, salix pentandra, gathered at the end of August and dried in the shade, afford, if boiled with about one thirtieth potash, a fine yellow colour to wool, silk and thread, with alum basis. All the 5 species of Erica or heath growing on this island are capable of affording yellow much like those from the dyer's broom; also the bark and shoots of the Lombardy poplar, populus pyramidalis. The three leaved hellebore, helleborus trifolius, for dyeing wood yellow, is used in Canada. The seeds of the purple trefoil, lucerne, and fenugreek, the flowers of the French marigold, the camomile, antemis tinctoria, the ash, fraxinus excelsior, fumitory, fumaria officinalis, dye wool yellow." "The American golden rod, solidago canadensis, affords a very beautiful yellow to wool, silk and cotton upon an aluminous basis." Bancroft.
CHAPTER IV
THE LICHEN DYES
Some of the most useful dyes and the least known are to be found among the Lichens. They seem to have been used among peasant dyers from remote ages, but apparently none of the great French dyers used them, nor are they mentioned in any of the old books on dyeing. The only Lichen dyes that are known generally among dyers are Orchil and Cudbear, and these are preparations of lichens, not the lichens themselves. They are still used in some quantity and are prepared rather elaborately. But a great many of the ordinary lichens yield very good and permanent dyes. The Parmelia saxatilis and Parmelia omphalodes, are largely used in the Highlands and West Ireland, for dyeing brown of all shades. No mordant is needed, and the colours produced are the fastest known. "Crottle" is the general name for Lichens in Scotland. They are gathered off the rocks