class="tdr">70.

Chantry chapels attached to chancels 120 71. Effect of the addition of chapels on the cruciform plan 121 72. The aisled rectangular plan 124 73. Variations of the plan with aisled nave and chancel 126 74. Development of the aisled rectangle at Grantham 129 75. Deviation of the axis of the chancel 131   Index of Places 134

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Hedon.	Interior of nave	Frontispiece
FIGS.	PAGE
1	Plan of old St Peter's	6
2	Plan of San Vitale, Ravenna	11
3	Plan of Escomb—typical Saxon church	17
4	St Peter's, Barton-on-Humber	31
5	Aisleless plan, 12th cent.	45
6	Birkin, Yorkshire: interior	51
7	Two aisleless plans with central tower	55
8	North Newbald	57
9	Sketch of older wall above nave arcade, Gretton	72
10	Plan of Raunds church	80
11	Plan of Harringworth church	85
12	Two plans, nos. 1 and 2, of Grantham church	88
13	Sketch of arch joining arcade to tower, Gretton	93
14	Plan of 13th cent. church: W. tower, S. Porch, transeptal chapels	103
15	St Mary's, Beverley. Interior of transept.	111
16	Plans of Grantham church, nos. 3 and 4	130

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CHAPTER I

THE ORIGIN OF THE CHURCH PLAN IN ENGLAND

§ 1. Side by side with the establishment of Christianity as the religion of the Roman empire, there appeared a fully developed plan for places of Christian worship. The normal Christian church of the fourth century of our era was an aisled building with the entrance at one end, and a semi-circular projection known as the apse at the other. The body of the building, the nave with its aisles, was used by the congregation, the quire of singers occupying a space, enclosed within low walls, at the end nearest the apse. In the apse, raised above the level of the nave, was the altar, behind which, ranged round the wall, were the seats for the bishop and assistant clergy. This type of church, of which the aisled nave and the apse are the essential parts, is known as the basilica. The name, employed to designate a "royal" or magnificent building, had long been applied to large buildings, whether open to the sky or roofed, which were used, partly as commercial exchanges, partly as halls of justice. It is still often said that the Christian basilicas were merely adaptations of such buildings to sacred purposes. Some of the features of the Christian plan are akin to those of the