The long sounds of a, e, i, o, u, are represented by ā, ē, ī, ō, ū.
The short sounds of a, e, i, o, u,                "  ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ.

  a, as in air, pair, is represented by â.
  a,   "   far, arm,       "         "  ä or ah.
  a,   "   all, haul,      "         "  aw.
  a,   "   what, squat,    "         "  ŏ.
  e,   "   ere, where,     "         "  ê.
  e,   "   obey, weight,   "         "  ā.
  e,   "   her, term,      "         "  ë.
  i,   "   machine,        "         "  ē or ee.
  i,   "   dirk, whirl,    "         "  ï.
  o,   "   done, son,      "         "  ŭ.
  o,   "   woman,          "         "  ŏŏ.
  o,   "   do, move,       "         "  ōō.
  o,   "   for, storm,     "         "  ô or aw.
  oo,  "   soon, moon,     "         "  ōō.
  oo,  "   foot, good,     "         "  ŏŏ.
  u,   "   rude, rule,     "         "  ōō.
  u,   "   push, pull,     "         "  ŏŏ.
  u,   "   burn, turn,     "         "  ü.
  oi,} "   oil, toy,       "         "  oi.
  oy,}
  ou,} "   found, owl,     "         "  ow.
  ow,}

  c, as in city, cite, is represented by s or ç.
  c,   "   can, cut,       "         "  k.
  ch,  "   child, much,    "         "  ch.
  ch,  "   machine,        "         "  sh.
  ch,  "   chorus,         "         "  k.
  g,   "   ginger,         "         "  j.
  n,   "   think, uncle,   "         "  ñ.
  qu,  "   require,        "         "  kw.
  s,   "   these, ease,    "         "  z.