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قراءة كتاب Life of Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916
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manners and the clear sweet eyes of a child: he had (like Metchnikoff) for Science an absolute cult—“no sacrifice was too great, no difficulty too repellent for his ardour.”
It is, I think, desirable to assure the reader of this book that the actual state of knowledge in regard to various subjects discussed in the Life at the time when they were made the subjects of study by Metchnikoff is fairly and correctly sketched, and the growth and development of his views and original discoveries are correctly given. But it must be remembered that this Life is not a critical discussion of the steps by which our knowledge of cell-layers, of intracellular digestion, and other factors contributory to Metchnikoff’s doctrine of Phagocytosis and its outcomes were reached. Others played an important if a subsidiary part in building up that knowledge. What we have here is an account of the growth of Metchnikoff’s own observations and theoretical inferences, which were so independent, and founded on such decisive original observations, as to make him a solitary figure contending, and successfully contending, during the best years of his lifetime for the recognition of a great generalisation for long opposed by most of the medical and physiological authorities of the time, and finally established by his lifelong researches and those of his faithful pupils and coadjutors. The recognition of the validity of the doctrine of phagocytosis in relation to wounds, disease, immunity, and normal healthy life is the triumphant result of the scientific insight and boundless energy of Elie Metchnikoff.
E. RAY LANKESTER.
CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
| PREFACE | v |
| INTRODUCTION | xxi |
| CHAPTER I | |
| 1845. Panassovka — Metchnikoff’s parents — Country life in Little Russia | 1 |
| CHAPTER II | |
| Metchnikoff’s brothers and sister — Childish characteristics | 8 |
| CHAPTER III | |
| 1850. Journey to Slaviansk — The coach attacked by peasants | 12 |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| 1851. Departure for Kharkoff — Town life | 16 |
| CHAPTER V | |
| 1853-1856. Leo Metchnikoff’s illness — Private tutors — Botanical studies — A memorable birthday | 19 |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| Ancestors of the Metchnikoff family — The great “Spatar” — Leo Nevahovitch | 23 |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| 1856-1861. The Kharkoff Lycée — Bogomoloff and Socialism — Atheism — Natural History studies — Private lodgings — Private lessons in histology from Professor Tschelkoff — A borrowed microscope — First article — Italian opera — The gold medal | 28 |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| An early love — A schoolfellow’s sister — A pretty sister-in-law | 35 |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| 1862. Journey to Germany — Leipzig, Würzburg — A hasty return | 37 |
| CHAPTER X | |
| 1863. Kharkoff University — Physiology — The Vorticella — Controversy with Kühne — The Origin of Species — Gastrotricha — University degree | 40 |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| 1864-1866. Heligoland — Giessen Congress — Leuckart — Visit to Leo Metchnikoff at Geneva — Socialist gatherings — Metchnikoff’s discovery appropriated by Leuckart — Naples — Kovalevsky — Comparative embryology — Embryonic layers — Bakounine and Setchénoff — Cholera at Naples — Göttingen — Anatomical studies — Munich; von Siebold — Music — Return to Naples — Intracellular digestion | 43 |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| 1867-1868. Petersburg — Baer Prize — Return home — Friendship with Cienkovsky — Odessa — Naturalists’ Congress at Petersburg — Departure from Odessa — Zoological Lecturer’s Chair at Petersburg — Messina — Enforced rest — Reggio — Naples — Controversy with Kovalevsky — Visit to the B. family — Mlle. Fédorovitch — Educational questions — Difficulties of life in Petersburg | 58 |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| 1868-1873. Slight illness — Engagement to Mlle. | |