133. The Preliminaries of the Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 134. Debating a Proposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 135. Voting at the Pnyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 136. The Ecclesia as an Educational Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Chapter XVII. The Afternoon at the Gymnasia

137. The Gymnasia. Places of General Resort . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 138. The Road to the Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 139. The Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 140. The Social Atmosphere and Human Types at the Academy . . . . . 160 141. Philosophers and Cultivated Men at the Gymnasia . . . . . . . . 161 142. The Beautiful Youths at the Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 143. The Greek Worship of Manly Beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 144. The Detestation of Old Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 145. The Greeks unite Moral and Physical Beauty . . . . . . . . . . 165 146. The Usual Gymnastic Sports and their Objects . . . . . . . . . 166 147. Professional Athletes: the Pancration . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 148. Leaping Contests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 149. Quoit Hurling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 150. Casting the Javelin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 151. Wrestling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 152. Foot Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 153. The Pentathlon: the Honors paid to Great Athletes . . . . . . 172

Chapter XVIII. Athenian Cookery and the Symposium

154. Greek Meal Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 155. Society desired at Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 156. The Staple Articles of Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 157. Greek Vintages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 158. Vegetable Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 159. Meat and Fish Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 160. Inviting Guests to a Dinner Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 161. Preparing for the Dinner: the Sicilian Cook . . . . . . . . . 182 162. The Coming of the Guests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 163. The Dinner Proper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 164. Beginning the Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 165. The Symposiarch and his Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 166. Conversation at the Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 167. Games and Entertainments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 168. Going Home from the Feast: Midnight Revelers . . . . . . . . . 189

Chapter XIX. Country Life around Athens.

169. The Importance of his Farm to an Athenian . . . . . . . . . . . 191 170. The Country by the Ilissus: the Greeks and Natural Beauty . . 191 171. Plato's Description of the Walk by the Ilissus . . . . . . . . 193 172. The Athenian Love of Country Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 173. Some Features of the Attic Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 174. An Attic Farmstead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 175. Plowing, Reaping, and Threshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 176. Grinding at the Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 177. The Olive Orchards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 178. The Vineyards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 179. Cattle, Sheep, and Goats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 180. The Gardens and the Shrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Chapter XX. The Temples and Gods of Athens.

181. Certain Factors in Athenian Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 182. What constitutes "Piety" in Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 183. The Average Athenians Idea of the Gods . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 184. Most Greeks without Belief in Immortality . . . . . . . . . . . 207 185. The Multitude of Images of the Gods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 186. Greek Superstition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 187. Consulting Omens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 188. The Great Oracles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 189. Greek Sacrifices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 190. The Route to the Acropolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 191. The Acropolis of Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 192. The Use of Color Upon Athenian Architecture and Sculptures . . 216 193. The Chief Buildings on the Acropolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 194. The Parthenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 195. A Sacrifice on the Acropolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 196. The Interior of the Parthenon and the Great Image of Athena . . 222 197. Greek Prayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Chapter XXI. The Great Festival of Athens.

198. The Frequent Festivals in Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 199. The Eleusinia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 200. The Holy Procession to Eleusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 201. The Mysteries of Eleusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 202. The Greater Dionysia and the Drama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 203. The Theater of Dionysus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 204. The Production of a Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 205. The Great Panathenaic Procession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 206. The View from the Temple of Wingless Victory . . . . . . . . . 237

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Maps, Plans, and Illustrations.

1. Athenian Acropolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontispiece Page 2. Sketch Map of Attica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Sketch Map of Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Peasant going to Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. At the Street Fountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. A Wayside Herm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7. A Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8. Conjectural Plan for the house of a Wealthy Athenian . . . . . . 29 9. Spinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 10. The Maternal Slipper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 11. Athenian Funeral Monument . . . . . . . . . . . . . FACING PAGE 88 12. At the Smithy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 13. Hoplite in Armor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 14. The Town of Peirćus and the Harbors of Athens . . . . . . . . . 118 15. Fishermen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 16. An Athenian Trireme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 17. The Race in Armor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 18. Itinerant Piper with his Dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 19. Women pounding Meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 20. Gathering the Olive Harvest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 21. Rural Sacrifice to a Wooden Statue of Dionysus . . . . . . . . . 202 22. Sketch Map of the Acropolis of Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 23. Sacrificing a Pig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 24. Athena Parthenos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 25. Comic Actors dressed as Ostriches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 26. Actor in Costume as a Fury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

A Day in Old Athens

Chapter I. The Physical Setting of