قراءة كتاب First Lessons in the Maori Language with a short vocabulary
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First Lessons in the Maori Language with a short vocabulary
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§ 24. In Counting use ka before the numeral, thus:
Ka hia? how many? [does that make?]
Ka tahi, one; ka rua, two; ka toru, three &c.; ka tekau, ten; ka tekau ma tahi, eleven; ka rua tekau, twenty; ka kotahi rau ka rua tekau ma rima, one hundred and twenty five.
In asking for any number of things use kia in the same way before the numeral, thus:
Mauria mai etahi toki kia rua, bring two axes.
Kia hia? how many? Kia rua, two.
§ 25. With Nouns. When used in immediate connexion with nouns, let kotahi stand for one, not tahi, and put e before the others, from two to nine.
Examples.
He tangata kotahi, one man.
Nga tangata e toru, the three men.
He pukapuka kotahi tekau ma rua, twelve books.
Nga whare e wha tekau, the forty houses.
In speaking of persons, the numerals form rua to iwa inclusive, and the interrogative hia, may have toko- prefixed instead of e.
Examples.
Tokohia? how many?
Nga tangata tokoiwa, the nine men.
§ 26. Distributive. In using the numerals distributively prefix taki- to the simple numeral, thus:
Takirua, by twos, two and two.
Takitahi, singly, or by ones.
II. ORDINALS.
§ 27 Ordinals used absolutely, i. e. not in immediate connexion with nouns, are expressed by the simple numeral with te, thus:
Te tahi, the first.
Te rua, the second.
Te hia? Which in order?
§ 28. As Adjectives. When using ordinals as adjectives in immediate connexion with nouns prefix tua- to the simple numeral from one to nine, thus:
Te tangata tuatahi, the first man.
Above nine, without tua-, thus:
Te tekau o nga hoiho, the tenth of the horses, or the tenth horse.
Te rua tekau ma toru o nga whare, the twenty third of the houses, or the twenty third house.
VI. SENTENCES WITHOUT VERBS.
§ 29. Subject and Prædicate. The Subject in a sentence is that of which anything is said.
The Prædicate is that which is said of the Subject.
Examples.
John is a boy. John runs. In both these "John" is the Subject: "a boy", and "runs" are Prædicates.
The Subject and Prædicate do not always occupy the same relative positions in English, for though the Subject is generally placed first, it is sometimes placed last, especially in poetry. It will be sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this chapter to consider the Prædicate identical with the most emphatic member of the sentence.
§ 30. Substantive Verb. In English, when the prædicate is not a verb, the verb "to be", commonly called the substantive verb, is used to connect the prædicate with its subject. This verb has no equivalent in Maori, but its place is supplied by the relative position of the different words in the sentence.
§ 31. In affirmative Sentences, the prædicate stands first, and the subject after it; and two nouns, or an adjective and noun, placed in these relative positions form a sentence although without a verb. In negative sentences, this relative position is apparently (§ 34) reversed.
Sentences of this kind are made either with, or without the particle ko.
§ 32. Use "ko", when the prædicate is either
1. A proper name, or personal pronoun, a noun of locality (§ 10), or either of the interrogatives wai, or hea.
2. A common noun with any of the definitives except he.
Examples.
Ko ia tenei, this is he.
Ko Hemi tona ingoa, his name is Hemi.
Ko toku whare tera, that is my house.
§ 33. Without "ko". Make a sentence without ko when the prædicate is either
1. A common noun, an adjective, or a verb with the article he.
2. A noun or pronoun, verb, or adjective following a preposition.
In both these cases, the verb or adjective is treated as a noun.
Examples.
He hanga whare tana mahi, his work is to build houses.
I te mahi a Wiremu, Wiremu was at work.
Kei hea he whare mo taua? Where is there a house for us?
Noku te potae mangu, the black hat is mine.
§ 34. Prædicate of many Words. When the prædicate consists of many words, the most emphatic word generally stands alone in the place of the prædicate, the rest being placed after the subject. This is the case when the prædicate contains an explanatory or a relative clause; or a clause in any other way dependent on the principal word. This also accounts for the apparent reversing of the positions of subject and prædicate in negative sentences, the negation being the most prominent thing in such sentences.
Examples.
He tangata tenei no Akarana, this is a man from Auckland.
Ko te tangata tera e mohio ana ki te whakairo rakau, that is the man who understands carving wood.