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قراءة كتاب The Rise of the Dutch Republic — Complete (1574-84)
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The Rise of the Dutch Republic — Complete (1574-84)
THE RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, VOLUME III.
MOTLEY'S HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS
By John Lothrop Motley
1855
| Volume II. |
CONTENTS
CHAPTER III. 1574-1576
CHAPTER IV. 1576
CHAPTER V. 1576-1577
CHAPTER I. 1576-1577
CHAPTER II. 1577
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
ALEXANDER OF PARMA, 1578-1584.
CHAPTER III. 1574-1576
negotiations for peace—Characteristics of the negotiators and of
their diplomatic correspondence—Dr. Junius—Secret conferences
between Dr. Leoninus and Orange—Steadfastness of the Prince—
Changes in the internal government of the northern provinces—
Generosity and increasing power of the municipalities—Incipient
jealousy in regard to Orange rebuked—His offer of resignation
refused by the Estates—His elevation to almost unlimited power—
Renewed mediation of Maximilian—Views and positions of the parties
—Advice of Orange—Opening of negotiations at Breda—Propositions
and counter-propositions—Adroitness of the plenipotentiaries on
both sides—Insincere diplomacy and unsatisfactory results—Union of
Holland and Zealand under the Prince of Orange—Act defining his
powers—Charlotte de Bourbon—Character, fortunes, and fate of Anna
of Saxony—Marriage of Orange with Mademoiselle de Bourbon—
Indignation thereby excited—Horrible tortures inflicted upon
Papists by Sonoy in North Holland—Oudewater and Schoonoven taken by
Hierges—The isles of Zealand—A submarine expedition projected—
Details of the adventure—Its entire success—Death of Chiappin
Vitelli—Deliberations in Holland and Zealand concerning the
renunciation of Philip's authority—Declaration at Delft—Doubts as
to which of the Great Powers the sovereignty should be offered—
Secret international relations—Mission to England—Unsatisfactory
negotiations with Elizabeth—Position of the Grand Commander—Siege
of Zieriekzee—Generosity of Count John—Desperate project of the
Prince—Death and character of Requesens.
The Council of Troubles, or, as it will be for ever denominated in history, the Council of Blood, still existed, although the Grand Commander, upon his arrival in the Netherlands, had advised his sovereign to consent to the immediate abolition of so odious an institution. Philip accepting the advice of his governor and his cabinet, had accordingly authorized him by a letter of the 10th of March, 1574, to take that step if he continued to believe it advisable.
Requesens had made use of this permission to extort money from the obedient portion of the provinces. An assembly of deputies was held at Brussels on the 7th of June, 1574, and there was a tedious interchange of protocols, reports, and remonstrances. The estates, not satisfied with the extinction of a tribunal which had at last worn itself out by its own violence, and had become inactive through lack of victims, insisted on greater concessions. They demanded the departure of the Spanish troops, the establishment of a council of Netherlanders in Spain for Netherland affairs, the restoration to offices in the provinces of natives and natives only; for these drawers of documents thought it possible, at that epoch, to recover by pedantry what their brethren of Holland and Zealand were maintaining with the sword. It was not the moment for historical disquisition, citations from Solomon, nor chopping of logic; yet with such lucubrations were reams of paper filled, and days and weeks occupied. The result was what might have been expected. The Grand Commander obtained but little money; the estates obtained none of their demands; and the Blood Council remained, as it were, suspended in mid-air. It continued to transact business at intervals during the administration of Requesens, and at last, after nine years of existence, was destroyed by the violent imprisonment of the