أنت هنا
قراءة كتاب Reconstruction and the Constitution 1866-1876
تنويه: تعرض هنا نبذة من اول ١٠ صفحات فقط من الكتاب الالكتروني، لقراءة الكتاب كاملا اضغط على الزر “اشتر الآن"
class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">The Proviso in this Plan—Seward's Idea of Reconstruction and the Views of Congress and the Judiciary—Ten Per Centum "State" Governments—Reconstruction in Louisiana under Mr. Lincoln's Plan—The New Orleans Convention—The Election of a Governor—The Constitutional Convention of April, 1864, and the Constitution Framed by it and Adopted by the Voters—Reconstruction in Arkansas—The Beginning of Resistance in Congress to the President's Plans—The Wade-Davis Bill—Analysis of this Measure—The President's Attitude toward the Bill—The President's Proclamation of July 8th, 1864—The Wade-Davis Protest against the President's Proclamation—The President's Message of December 6th, 1864—The Threatened Schism in the Republican Party and the Presidential Election of 1864—The Refusal of Congress to Count the Electoral Vote from any "State" which had Passed the Secession Ordinance—Reconstruction in Tennessee—The Twenty-second Joint Rule—Reconstruction in Tennessee Continued—Civil Government Re-established in Tennessee—The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States—The Proposition of Amendment as it Came from the Judiciary Committee of the Senate—The Passage of the Proposition by the Senate—The House Draft—Rejection of the Senate's Draft in the House—Reconsideration of the Senate's Measure in the House, and its Final Passage.
have any theory
of Reconstruction?
however, that they are unconsciously influenced in this by their desire to escape the conviction that Mr. Lincoln held an erroneous theory of Reconstruction. It does not seem that one can read impartially Mr. Lincoln's proclamation of December 8, 1863, without coming to the conclusion that Mr. Lincoln had a very decided notion on the subject. It is true that he said that it must not be understood that no other possible mode of Reconstruction than that proclaimed by him would be acceptable, but he laid down a very distinct mode, and he said it was the best he could suggest under existing impressions.
exactly, it regarded the rebellion against the United States within these "States" as the act of combinations of disloyal persons, and not as the act of the "States" at all. These combinations had subverted the loyal governments within these "States," but the "States" themselves were not disloyal, because they could not be. They were impersonal entities, incapable of committing treason or any other wrong. According to this view the work of Reconstruction consisted simply in placing the loyal element in a "State" in possession of the government of the "State."
of allegiance, and
the loyal class to
be created by the
taking of this oath.
following tenor: "I, —— ——, do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States and the union of the States thereunder; and that I will in like manner abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified, or held void, by Congress or by decision of the Supreme Court; and that I will in like manner abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified by the Supreme Court. So help me God;" and by ordaining that all persons who would voluntarily take this oath, unless they had been civil or diplomatic officers of the "so-called Confederate Government," or military officers thereof above the rank of colonel in the army or lieutenant in the navy, or had left seats in the United States Congress or judicial office under the United States, or had resigned commissions in the army or navy of the