قراءة كتاب Response in the Living and Non-Living
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RESPONSE IN THE LIVING
AND NON-LIVING
BY
JAGADIS CHUNDER BOSE, M.A.(Cantab.), D.Sc.(Lond.)
PROFESSOR, PRESIDENCY COLLEGE, CALCUTTA
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK AND BOMBAY
1902
All rights reserved
‘The real is one: wise men call it variously’
Rig Veda
To my Countrymen
This Work is Dedicated
PREFACE
I have in the present work put in a connected and a more complete form results, some of which have been published in the following Papers:
- ‘De la Généralité des Phénomènes Moléculaires produits par l’Electricité sur la matière Inorganique et sur la matière Vivante.’ (Travaux du Congrès International de Physique. Paris, 1900.)
- ‘On the Similarity of Effect of Electrical Stimulus on Inorganic and Living Substances.’ (Report, Bradford Meeting British Association, 1900.—Electrician.)
- ‘Response of Inorganic Matter to Stimulus.’ (Friday Evening Discourse, Royal Institution, May 1901.)
- ‘On Electric Response of Inorganic Substances. Preliminary Notice.’ (Royal Society, June 1901.)
- ‘On Electric Response of Ordinary Plants under Mechanical Stimulus.’ (Journal Linnean Society, 1902.)
- ‘Sur la Réponse Electrique dans les Métaux, les Tissus Animaux et Végétaux.’ (Société de Physique, Paris, 1902.)
- ‘On the Electro-Motive Wave accompanying Mechanical Disturbance in Metals in contact with Electrolyte.’ (Proceedings Royal Society, vol. 70.)
- ‘On the Strain Theory of Vision and of Photographic Action.’ (Journal Royal Photographic Society, vol. xxvi.)
These investigations were commenced in India, and I take this opportunity to express my grateful acknowledgments to the Managers of the Royal Institution, for the facilities offered me to complete them at the Davy-Faraday Laboratory.
J. C. Bose.
Davy-Faraday Laboratory, Royal Institution,
London: May 1902.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
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Mechanical response—Different kinds of stimuli—Myograph—Characteristics of response-curve: period, amplitude, form—Modification of response-curves |
1 | |
CHAPTER II
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Conditions for obtaining electric response—Method of injury—Current of injury—Injured end, cuproid: uninjured, zincoid—Current of response in nerve from more excited to less excited—Difficulties of present nomenclature—Electric recorder—Two types of response, positive and negative—Universal applicability of electric mode of response—Electric response a measure of physiological activity—Electric response in plants |
5 | |
CHAPTER III
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Negative variation—Response recorder—Photographic recorder—Compensator—Means of graduating intensity of stimulus—Spring-tapper and torsional vibrator—Intensity of stimulus dependent on amplitude of vibration—Effectiveness of stimulus dependent on rapidity also |
17 | |
CHAPTER IV
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Method of block—Advantages of block method—Plant response a physiological phenomenon—Abolition of response by anæsthetics and poisons—Abolition of response when plant is killed by hot water |
27 | |
CHAPTER V
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Effect of single stimulus—Superposition of stimuli—Additive effect—Staircase effect—Fatigue—No fatigue when sufficient interval between stimuli—Apparent fatigue when stimulation frequency is increased—Fatigue under continuous stimulation |
35 | |
CHAPTER VI
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Diphasic variation—Positive after-effect and positive response—Radial E.M. variation |
44 | |
CHAPTER VII
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Increased response with increasing stimulus—Apparent diminution of response with excessively strong stimulus |
51 | |
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