قراءة كتاب A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád' Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not Allowed in The Koran - 1885
تنويه: تعرض هنا نبذة من اول ١٠ صفحات فقط من الكتاب الالكتروني، لقراءة الكتاب كاملا اضغط على الزر “اشتر الآن"
A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád' Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not Allowed in The Koran - 1885
A
CRITICAL EXPOSITION
OF THE
POPULAR "JIHÁD."
A
CRITICAL EXPOSITION
OF THE
POPULAR "JIHÁD."
SHOWING THAT
ALL THE WARS OF MOHAMMAD WERE DEFENSIVE; AND THAT
AGGRESSIVE WAR, OR COMPULSORY CONVERSION,
IS NOT ALLOWED IN THE KORAN.
WITH APPENDICES
PROVING THAT THE WORD "JIHAD" DOES NOT EXEGETICALLY MEAN
'WARFARE,' AND THAT SLAVERY IS NOT SANCTIONED
BY THE PROPHET OF ISLAM.
BY MOULAVI GHERÁGH ALI,
Author of
"REFORMS UNDER MOSLEM RULE,"
"HYDERABAD (DECCAN) UNDER SIR SALAR JUNG."
CALCUTTA:
THACKER, SPINK AND CO.
NOTE.
I here take the opportunity of removing a wrong idea of the alleged injunction of the Prophet against our countrymen the Hindús. The Hon'ble Raja Sivá Prasad, in his speech at the Legislative Council, on the 9th March, 1883, while discussing the Ilbert Bill, quoted from Amir Khusro's Tarikh Alái that, "Ala-ud-dín Khiliji once sent for a Kází, and asked him what was written in the Code of Mehammadan law regarding the Hindús. The Kází answered that, the Hindús were Zimmis (condemned to pay the Jízya tax); if asked silver, they ought to pay gold with deep respect and humility; and if the collector of taxes were to fling dirt in their faces, they should gladly open their mouths wide. God's order is to keep them in subjection, and the Prophet enjoins on the faithful to kill, plunder and imprison them, to make Mussulmáns, or to put them to the sword, to enslave them, and confiscate their property....'" [Vide Supplement to the Gazette of India, April 21, 1883, page 807.]
These alleged injunctions, I need not say here, after what I have stated in various places of this book regarding intolerance, and compulsory conversion, are merely false imputations. There are no such injunctions of the Prophet against either Zimmis, (i.e., protected or guaranteed) or the Hindús.
TO
THE HONORABLE
SYED AHMED KHAN BAHADUR, C.S.I.,
THIS BOOK
IS, WITHOUT EVEN ASKING PERMISSION.
AND WHOLLY WITHOUT HIS KNOWLEDGE.
DEDICATED
AS A SLIGHT BUT SINCERE TESTIMONY OF ADMIRATION FOR HIS LONG
AND VARIOUS SERVICES IN THE CAUSE OF ISLAM
AND
IN RESPECT OF HIS RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL REFORMS IN THE
MOSLIMS OF INDIA,
AND
OF GRATITUDE FOR MUCH PERSONAL KINDNESS AND FRIENDSHIP,
BY
THE AUTHOR.
Transcriber's Note:
All errata listed below have been corrected in the e-text. Mistakes not listed below have been left as they appeared in the printed book, although missing or misplaced punctuation marks have been corrected.
ERRATA.
Page | Line | For | Read |
---|---|---|---|
v | 21 | them | Omit |
" | 22 | them | it |
xvii | f.n. | Maaddite | Moaddite |
xxxiv | 21 | Morra | Murra |
" | 22 | Soleim | Suleim |
xlii | 9 | Kauuka | Kainuka |
xliii | 22 f.n. | Mozeima | Mozeina |
xlv | 25 | Khusain | Khushain |
liv | 1 | Ban | Bani |
" | 10 | Ghassianide | Ghassanide |
lxxxviii | 30 | Khalips | Khalifs |
xci | 30 | Caliphater | Caliphate |
11 | 10 | Kurzibn | Kurz-ibn |
18 | 9 | God[2] | God: |
" | " | desist[3] | desist |
" | 16 | persecution | persecution[2] |
" | 17 | (fitnah | (fitnah[3]) |
27 | 5 | liberty and | liberty, any of |
" | 6 | brethern merely | brethren, merely |
" | 6-7 | such a manner | such manner |
" | 8 | Society or | Society, or |
" | 9 | of it materially | of it, materially |
" | 12 | deserve pity | deserve only pity |
34 | 6 | Ibu | Ibn |
61 | 6 | Rafi | Rafe |
72 | 24 | ibu | ibn |
" | 25 | ibu | ibn |
73 | 4 | bil | bin |
90 | 1 | as stallions | for breeding purposes |
135 | 28 | Durar | Dinar |
136 | 16 | Sirni | Sirin |
192 | 1 | Jihad does not mean the waging of war |
{Read this as a marginal gloss |
" | 3 | Jahad | Jahd. |
" | 14 | Katal and Kital | Read this as a marginal gloss. |
" | 20 | Conclusion | Ditto, ditto. |
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.
Page. | ||
Introduction | i-civ | |
Note | cv | |
Genealogical Table of the Arabs | cvi-cvii | |
|
||
I. | The persecutions suffered by the early Moslems | 1-11 |
II. | The Meccans or the Koreish | 11-16 |
III. | The defensive character of the wars of Mohammad | 16-34 |
IV. | The Jews | 34-40 |
V. | The Christians or Romans | 40-41 |
VI. | The intolerance | 42-51 |
VII. | The ninth chapter of Sura Barát | 51-55 |
VIII. | The alleged interception of the Koreish caravans by the Moslems | 55-60 |
IX. | The alleged assassinations by the command or connivance of Mohammad | 60-76 |
X. | The alleged cruelty in executing the prisoners of war | 76-91 |
XI. | Some miscellaneous objections refuted | 91-114 |
XII. | The popular Jihád or Crusade | 114-161 |
|
||
Appendix A. The word Jihad in the Koran does not mean warfare | 163-192 | |
Appendix B. Slavery and concubinage not allowed by the Koran | 193-223 | |
Appendix C. Koranic references | 225-227 | |
Index | 229-249 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction— | ||
Paras. | Page. | |
---|---|---|
1. | Object of the book | i |
2. | Early wrongs of the Moslem; justification in taking up arms, if taken | ii |
3. | Commencement of the war; the Koreish being public enemy were liable to be treated as such | ib. |
4. | But the Moslems could not take up arms to redress their wrongs under certain circumstances | iii |
5. | Moslems otherwise engaged at Medina had no intention of suffering the horrors of war by taking the initiative, but were in imminent danger from the enemy | iv |
6. | The Koreish first attacked the Moslems at Medina. They could not forbear the escape of the Moslems | v |
7. | Three battles waged by the Koreish against Mohammad—Badr, Ohad, and Ahzáb: these wars on the Moslem side were purely in defence, not waged even to redress their wrongs or re-establish their rights | vii |
8. | The battle of Badr was defensive on the part of Mohammad. Reasons for the same | viii |
9. | Mohammad at Medina, owing to the attacks, inroads, and threatening gatherings of the Koreish and other tribes, had hardly time to think of offensive measures | xi |
10. | Armed opposition of the Koreish to the Moslem pilgrims from Medina in the vicinity of Mecca. The truce of Hodeibia | public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@20927@[email protected]#Page_xv" class="pginternal" |